Dr. Robert W. Fulton

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Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Variability and
Prevalence of BVDV Subtypes in Persistently
Infected Cattle Entering Feedlots BVDV1b as
Predominant Subtype

• Dr. Robert W. Fulton
• McCasland Foundation Endowed Chair for Food
  Animal Research
• Oklahoma State University

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BVDV Subgenotypes
BVDV1b
BVDV1a
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2
.
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BVDV2b
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BVDV2a
Dr. Julia Ridpath, USDA, ARS, NADC
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BVDV PI studies OSU 1999-2009 with BVDV1b

• 1999 PI calf
• in retained ownership program entering feedlot.
• 1999-2000 SE US calves to feedlot BRD
• 1999 study PI calf, BVDV 1b , BRD disease
• Nasal swabs, PBL, lung isolates, BVDV1b
• Can J Vet Research, 2002, 66 181-190

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BVDV PI studies OSU 1999-2009 with BVDV1b

• 2005- Subtypes in Diagnostic Laboratory
  Accessions. Vet Microbiology, 2005, 111,35-40
• Subtypes
• BVDV1b 45.8
• BVDV1a 28.2
• BVDV2a 26.0
• Categories of Disease all subtypes involved
• Respiratory, digestive, mixed/multiple, abortions
• Persistent Infections

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BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle in SW Kansas Feedlot
2007-2008

• PI cattle 0.4 86/21,743

BVDV Subtype Percentage
BVDV1a 11.6
BVDV1b 77.9
BVDV21 10.5
JAVMA , 2006,228 578-584
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BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle Entering SW Kansas
Feedlot
Study BVDV1a BVDV1b BVDV2a
2004-2005 86 (10) 11.6 (67) 77.9 (9) 10.5
2005-2006 318 (37) 11.6 (241) 75.8 (40) 12.6
2007 Spring 201 (28) 13.9 (161) 80.1 (12) 6.0
2007 Summer 184 (13) 7.1 (152) 82.6 (19) 10.3
2007 Fall 163 (24) 14.7 (124) 76.1 (15) 9.2
2008 Spring 179 (27) 15.1 (136 ) 76.0 (16) 8.9
2008 Fall 24 (1) 4.2 (23) 95.8 (0)
Total 2004-2008 1155 (140) 12.1 (904) 78.3 (111) 9.6
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BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle in Oklahoma Feedlot
2007-2008

• PI cattle 0.4 30/7497

BVDV Subtype Percentage
BVDV1a 21.1
BVDV1b 68.4
BVDV21 10.5
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BVDV Subtypes in Beef Breeding Herd Study for PI
calves 2006
Can J Vet Res, 2009 in press

• 30 herds with 5 herds positive 16.7
• 25/ 4530 calves as PI 0.55
• Three herds with single PI and 2 with multiple
  (10 and 12)
• One dam of PI calves PI (4.0)
• All PI isolates as BVDV1b

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BVDV PI strains from 2006 NF BPS Survey
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Vaccines and BVDV Subtypes and Biotypes
MLV Company Strain Genotype/Biotype
Express 5 Breed-Back FP 5 BI Vetmedica Singer 296 1a CP 2a CP
Pyramid 5 Fort Dodge Singer 5912 1a CP 2a CP
Pyramid 4 Fort Dodge Singer 1a CP
BoviShield 4 Pfizer NADL 1a CP
BoviShield Gold 5 BoviShield Gold FP 5 Pfizer NADL 53637 1aCP 2a CP
Titanium 5 AgriLabs C24V 296 1a CP 2a CP
Vista 5 Intervet Singer 125A 1a CP 2a CP
Reliant Plus Merial NADL 1a CP
Arsenal 4.1 Novartis GL760 1a NCP
Jencine 4 Schering Plough WRL 1 NCP
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Vaccines and BVDV Subtypes and Biotypes
Killed Company Strain Genotype/Biotype
Elite 4 BI Vetmedica Singer 1a CP
MasterGuard 5 AgriLabs C24V 125C 1a CP 2a CP
Triangle 4 II BVD Fort Dodge Singer 5912 1a CP 2a CP
CattleMaster Gold FP Pfizer 5960 53637 1a CP 2a CP
CattleMaster 4 Pfizer 5960 6309 1a CP 1 NCP
ViraShield 6 Novartis K22 GL 760 TN 131 1a Cp 1a NCP 2 NCP
Respishield Merial Singer 1a CP
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Diversity of BVDV Antibodies in Vaccinated
Cattle Two Doses with BVDV1a and 2a strains
Vaccine BVD 1a BVD1b BVD2a BVD2b
MLV A 16 4 16 4
64 8 16 4
16 4 8 0
MLV B 512 128 128 32
256 8 64 16
256 4 32 8
Killed 32 8 128 32
128 8 1024 64
256 16 256 64
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Implications of Diversity of BVDV Diagnostic
Tests

• Impact on Diagnostic Test for Antigen Detection
• Monoclonal selection epitopes potential
  changes in epitope genome region may affect
  reactivity and diagnosis
• IHC and ACE
• FA
• Viral genome differences for PCR tests

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Vaccines Against Multiple BVDV Subtypes

• US and Canada BVDV1a and BVDV2a strains
• Demonstrate protection against acute challenge
  for multiple subtypes, ie BVDV1b
• Demonstrate protection against fetal challenge
  for multiple subtypes, ie BVDV1b
• Potential for BVDV1b monovalent or combination
  with BVDV1a and BVDV2a
• Novel vaccines with multiple strains, genomic
  regions or protein subunits from different
  strains