Republican Era

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Republican Era

• A07
• 7.10.3

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TOPIC OUTLINE

• A. Republican America in the early 1800s
• 1. Religion Beginnings of the Second Great
  Awakening
• 2. Women Republican motherhood education for
  women
• 3. Cultural Nationalism
• 4. Stirrings of Industry
• B. Jefferson's Presidency (and Madisons)
• 1. Jefferson the National Government
• 2. The Courts and Marbury
• 3. Louisiana
• 4. Foreign Affairs Troubles at Sea
• 5. Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West
  Indian resistance
• C. War of 1812 and its consequences

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Guiding Question

• To what extent were developments during the
  period 1800-1824 consistent with the vision of
  Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans, as opposed
  to the vision of Hamilton and the Federalists?

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Competing Visions for America
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A. AMERICA IN 1800

• National Development
• in the Early Republic

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1. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRY

• Samuel Slater
• Eli Whitney
• cotton gin
• interchangeable parts
• Robert Fulton
• The Clermont (1807)
• Turnpikes

The Cotton Gin (National Archives)
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Distribution of slave population 1790-1820
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Population density 1790 1820
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2. RELIGION BEGINNINGS OF THE SECOND
GREAT AWAKENING
The Second Great Awakening, 1790-1860

• Deism
• Unitarianism
• Second Great Awakening (1806-30s)
• camp meetings
• Charles Finney
• John Wesley
• burned over district

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Growth of American Methodism 1775-1850
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3. RISE OF CULTURAL NATIONALISM

• Education? - the virtuous citizen
• Distinctively American literature?
• Washington Irving
• Noah Webster

Washington Irving (Portrait Gallery)
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4. WOMEN

• Republican Motherhood
• education

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B. JEFFERSONS PRESIDENCY
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The Election of 1800
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Election of 1800
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Election of 1800

• Jefferson vs. Burr in House of Representatives
• First Peaceful Turnover of Power
• Twelfth Amendment (1804)
• Hamilton-Burr duel (1804) gtgt
• Decline of Federalists

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Thomas Jefferson

• Well over 6 feet tall
• Not a good public speaker.
• One of the greatest writers among U.S. Presidents
  
• A renaissance man
• Incredibly well-read in science and philosophy
• Continental Congress
• assemblyman
• Gov. of Virginia.
• Author of Dec. of Independence
• Min. to France
• Sec. of State
• Vice Pres.

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Jefferson National Govt

• Views on government
• strict constructionism
• major functions
• Alien Sedition Acts
• Army Navy
• Public spending
• federal debt
• Excise tax on whiskey
• rest of Hamiltons program?
• simplicity as President

Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale,
1805 Collection of The New-York Historical
Society
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2. Struggle Over the Courts

• Judiciary Act of 1801
• Midnight appointments
• John Marshall (Ch. Justice 1801-1835)
• Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
• Judiciary Act of 1789
• judicial review
• significance

John Marshall
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3. Louisiana Purchase

• The Problem right of deposit, Pinckneys Treaty
  (1795)

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3. Louisiana Purchase

• Problem
• Deal
• Dilemma
• Opposition
• Impact

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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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Louisiana Purchase Treaty
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Map of the West 1802
Map of the West 1802
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Lewis and Clark

• 1804-1806
• Purposes
• Explore new territory
• Claim to Oregon
• political trade relations with Indians

http//darkwing.uoregon.edu/atlas/america/interac
tive/map06.html
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4. TROUBLES AT SEA

• Significance of American Shipping
• Barbary pirates

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4. TROUBLES AT SEA

• Napoleanic wars (1803-1814)
• British Orders in Council (blockade)
• Napoleans Continental System
• Impressment
• lt 6000 US sailors 1808-1811
• Chesapeake Affair (1807)
• Embargo Act of 1807
• Peaceable Coercion
• Why not war?
• Who opposes?

Manning the Navy, English engraving showing the
impressment of American sailors (Library of
Congress)
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4. TROUBLES AT SEA

• Embargo Act of 1807 (1807-1809)
• Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
• Effect on Britain?
• Macons Bill No. 2 (1810)

American Export Trade, 17901815
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C. WAR OF 1812
America's Second War for Independence?
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5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS

• Trans-Appalacian settlement

Population density-1790-1820
(Tecumseh Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago, FMNH Neg. A93851)
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5. CONFLICTS WITH WESTERN INDIANS
Native America, 1783-1812

• Trans-Appalacian settlement
• Tenskwatawa (the Prophet)
• Tecumseh
• Role of Britain?
• William Henry Harrison
• Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)

(Tecumseh Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago, FMNH Neg. A93851)
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James Madison

• President 1809-1817

Dolley Madison (Portrait Gallery)
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Presidential Election of 1812
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War of 1812 - Causes

• War of 1812 (1812-1815)
• War Hawks
• Henry Clay (Whig -KY Lexington)
• John Calhoun (Whig - SC)
• Reasons US declared war
• 1) Impressment of sailors
• 2) Conflicts with Indians
• 3) Desire for expansion
• Mr. Madisons War

Henry Clay
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War of 1812 - Fighting

• York (Toronto) (1813)
• Battle of Lake Erie (summer 1813)
• Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry
• Battle of Thames (Oct 1813)
• Wm Henry Harrison
• Horseshoe Bend (March 1814)
• Andrew Jackson
• Plattsburg (Sept 11, 1814)
• Key battle of war
• Attack on Washington (Aug 1814)
• Baltimore Ft. McHenry
• Star Spangled Banner (1814)
• Francis Scott Key
• Battle of New Orleans (Jan 1815)
• Hero of New Orleans

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Oliver Hazard Perry At Battle Of Put-In-Bay,
Sept. 1813
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The burning of the Capitol
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The Battle of New Orleans. January 1815
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War of 1812 Results

• Opposition to War
• Hartford Convention
• (Dec 1814)
• Treaty of Ghent
• (Dec 24, 1814)

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Results of the War of 1812

• Draw militarily
• Small War and insignificant in military terms.
• Important consequences for the U.S.
• Winners War Hawks (favoring western expansion,
  national improvements, trade) Republicans,
  Andrew Jackson
• Losers Indians, Federalists
• New Spirit of nationalism
• Paranoia about Britain died away (Second War for
  Independence)
• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
• End of involvement in Europe for next 100
  years.
• America looks inward

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Jacksons Florida Campaigns
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Jefferson in 1821
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Auction of Monticello, 1827
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Monticello, ca. 1870
East Front of Monticello, ca. 1870 (University of
Virginia)
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Monticello today
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Monticello today
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Monticello Today
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Sources

• http//www.monticello.org/
• http//www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/archive/idx_map.h
  tml
• http//www.lewisandclark.org/lib.htm
• http//www.jmu.edu/madison/louispurchase.htm
• Brinkley, American History A Survey (10th ed)