Project Management 3e. - Gray and Larson

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An Overview of Project Management .
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What is a Project?

• A project is an interrelated set of activities
  with a definite starting and ending point, which
  result in a unique outcome for a specific
  allocation of resources.
• Project Defined
• A complex, non-routine, one-time effort limited
  by time, budget, resources, and performance
  specifications designed to meet customer needs.

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What is a Project?

• Major Characteristics of a Project
• Has an established objective.
• Has a defined life span with a beginning and an
  end.
• Requires across-the-organizational participation.
• Involves doing something never been done before.
• Has specific time, cost, and performance
  requirements.

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What is a Project?

• Three main goals of any project
• Complete the project on time or earlier.
• Do not exceed the budget.
• Meet the specification to the satisfaction of the
  customer.

• Needs the skills of multiple professions and
  organizations
• Requiring new combination of skills and resource
  in the project process
• Differences will arise with each replication,
  especially due to uncertainties. So can change
  the characteristic and countermeasures.

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Programs versus Projects

• Program Defined
• A series of coordinated, related, multiple
  projects that continue over an extended time and
  are intended to achieve a goal.
• A higher level group of projects targeted at a
  common goal.
• Example
• Project completion of a required course in
  project management.
• Program completion of all courses required for a
  business major.

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Comparison of Routine Work with Projects
Routine, Repetitive Work Taking class notes
Daily entering sales receipts into the
accounting ledger Responding to a supply-chain
request Practicing scales on the piano
Routine manufacture of an Apple iPod Attaching
tags on a manufactured product
Projects Writing a term paper Setting up a
sales kiosk for a professional accounting
meeting Developing a supply-chain information
system Writing a new piano piece Designing an
iPod that is approximately 2 X 4 inches,
interfaces with PC, and stores 10,000 songs
Wire-tag projects for GE and Wal-Mart
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Project Management

• Project management is a systemized, phased
  approach to defining, organizing, planning,
  monitoring, and controlling projects.
• A collection of projects is called a program,
  which is an interdependent set of projects with a
  common strategic purpose.
• A cross-functional effort Even though a project
  may be under the overall purview of a single
  department, other departments likely should be
  involved.

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Project Management Questions

• What activities are required to complete a
  project and in what sequence?
• When should each activity be scheduled to begin
  and end?
• Which activities are critical to completing the
  project on time?
• What is the probability of meeting the project
  completion due date?
• How should resources be allocated to activities?

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The Nature of Project Management

• Characteristics of Projects purpose, life cycle,
  interdependencies, uniqueness, and conflict.
• Project Management Process planning (work
  breakdown structure), scheduling, and
  controlling.
• Selecting the Project Manager credibility,
  sensitivity, ability to handle stress, and
  leadership.
• Building the Project Team Forming, Storming,
  Norming, and Performing.
• Principles of Effective Project Management
  direct people individually and as a team,
  reinforce excitement, keep everyone informed,
  manage healthy conflict, empower team, encourage
  risk taking and creativity.
• Project Metrics Cost, Time, Performance

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Project Life Cycle
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The Challenge of Project Management

• The Project Manager
• Manages temporary, non-repetitive activities and
  frequently acts independently of the formal
  organization.
• Marshals resources for the project.
• Is linked directly to the customer interface.
• Provides direction, coordination, and integration
  to the project team.
• Is responsible for performance and success of the
  project.
• Must induce the right people at the right time to
  address the right issues and make the right
  decisions.

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Project Team

• Selecting the right project manager is critical
  and specific skills are needed.
• Facilitator Able to resolve conflicts, have
  leadership skills and a systems view.
• Communicator Ability to keep senior management
  informed, communicate progress, and work with
  team members.
• Decision Maker Able to organize members and make
  difficult decisions.
• Team members need to be technically competent,
  dedicated, and able to work well with other team
  members.

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The Importance of Project Management

• Factors leading to the increased use of project
  management

• Compression of the product life cycle
• Global competition
• Knowledge explosion
• Corporate downsizing
• Increased customer focus
• Rapid development of Third World and closed
  economies
• Small projects that represent big problems

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Integrated Project Management Systems

• Problems resulting from the use of piecemeal
  project management systems
• Do not tie together the overall strategies of the
  firm.
• Fail to prioritize selection of projects by their
  importance of their contribution to the firm.
• Are not integrated throughout the project life
  cycle.
• Do not match project planning and controls with
  organizational culture to make appropriate
  adjustments in support of project endeavors.

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Integrated Management of Projects
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The Technical and Sociocultural Dimensionsof the
Project Management Process
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Organization Strategy and Project Selection
Having a Nice Break
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