Lifestyle Diseases

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Lifestyle Diseases
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Cardiovascular Disease

• Noncommunicable disease means that you cannot
  catch it from someone or the environment
• Also known as CVD
• A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
  
• Cardio refers to the heart
• Vascular refers to the blood vessels

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Types of CVD High Blood Pressure or Hypertension

• Can damage the heart, blood vessels and other
  body organs if it continues over a long period of
  time
• Also a major risk factor for other types of CVD
• Known as the silent killer because it often
  doesnt have any signs or symptoms
• Can occur at any age but usually 35
• About 1/3 of American have hypertension
• Treatment is to manage weight, be physically
  active, and eat nutritiously. Also medication

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Types of CVD - Atherosclerosis

• Healthy blood vessels are smooth and elastic
• A disease characterized by the accumulation of
  plaque on artery walls
• People that have atherosclerosis have a condition
  called arteriosclerosis, hardened arteries with
  reduced elasticity
• Smoking, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol
  levels can lead to fatty substances called plaque
  build up on artery walls

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Atherosclerosis
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Diseases of the Heart

• Angina Pectoris chest pain that results when
  the heart doesnt get enough oxygen
• This pain lasts from a few seconds to minutes and
  may be a sign that the heart isnt getting enough
  blood
• Arrhythmias irregular heartbeats
• Happen when the heart skips a beat or beats very
  fast or very slow
• Quite common and usually dont cause problems
• Some types may be serious and should be checked
  by a doctor
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vVKxQgjj2yVUfeature
  autoplaylistPLB9CAEA15E86171A5index2playnext
  2

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Disease of the Heart Heart Attack

• Occurs when a reduced or blocked blood supply
  damages the heart muscle.
• Many cause intense chest pain, but about 25
  produce no symptoms
• Milder symptoms in women
• Symptoms below Call 911 IMMEDIATELY!
• Pressure, fullness, squeezing or aching chest
• Pain spreading to arms, neck, jaw, abdomen or
  back
• Chest discomfort, with shortness of breath,
  lightheaded feeling, sweating, nausea, or vomiting

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Heart Attack and Stroke Videos

• Heart Attack
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vV_1hxz8XxVkfeature
  BFlistPLB9CAEA15E86171A5index6
• Stroke
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vM_fo6ytlmD0feature
  related

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Diseases of the Heart

• Congestive Heart Failure occurs when the heart
  gradually weakens and can no longer maintain its
  regular pumping rate and force
• Cannot be cured, but it can improve through
  continuous treatment, such as medication and
  practicing healthy behaviors
• Heart transplant may be needed

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Diseases of the Heart

• Stroke an acute injury in which blood flow to
  the brain is interrupted
• Stroke that occurs because of a burst blood
  vessel is called a cerebral hemorrhage
• Can cause paralysis
• Damage depends on size of stroke and what part of
  the brain is deprived of oxygen
• Warning signs include severe headache, numbness
  on 1 side of the body, trouble seeing from 1 or
  both eyes

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Important information on CVD

• CVD can start to develop in early adolescents or
  even childhood
• Autopsy results on adolescents who dies from
  causes other than CVD have found that one in 6
  already had evidence of CVD

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Risk Factors of CVD

• Heredity
• Gender men or women?
• Age - 80 of people that die from CVD are 65 or
  older
• How can you prevent CVD from happening to you?

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Cancer

• What is cancer?
• Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells
• Abnormal cells reproduce rapidly and
  uncontrollably, they can build up inside
  otherwise normal tissue.
• Tumor a buildup of abnormal cells
• Benign - noncancerous
• Malignant - cancerous
• Usually a malignant tumor doesnt stay in 1
  place. It spreads to neighboring tissues and
  enters the blood or lymph to travel to other
  parts of the body - metastasis

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Types of Cancer

• Lymphomas cancers of the immune system
• Leukemias cancers of the blood-forming organs
• Carcinomas cancers of the glands and body
  linings, including the skin and the linings of
  the digestive tract and lungs
• Sarcomas cancers of connective tissue, such as
  bones, ligaments, and muscles

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Risk Factors for Cancer

• Daily your body produces countless s of
  healthy, normal cells but it also produces some
  abnormal cells
• Your immune system usually kills these abnormal
  cells before they become cancerous
• When immune system is weak or the abnormal cells
  multiply faster than the immune system can
  destroy them, cancer MAY develop

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Risk Factors for Cancer

• Carcinogens cancer-causing substance
• Tobacco and UV light are 2 of the most common
• Tobacco Use - 1 cause of cancer deaths in the US
  is related to tobacco
• At least 43 different carcinogens have been
  identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke
• About 87 of lung cancer deaths are caused by
  smoking
• About 30 of all other cancers are linked to
  tobacco use
• Oral cancer lips, mouth, and throat

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Risk Factors for Cancer

• Radiation
• The glow of a suntan might look attractive, but a
  suntan is actually your skins reaction to damage
  from the sun
• UV radiation from the sun is the main cause of
  skin cancer
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• Some viruses have the ability to cause cancer
• Certain forms of HPV can cause cervical cancer
• Hepatitis B can cause cancer of the liver

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Risk Factors for Cancer

• Dietary Factors about 30 of ALL cancer dealth
  are caused by dietary risk factors
• Diets high in fat and low in fiber is often
  linked with colon, breast, and prostate cancers
• Fats make colon cells more vulnerable to
  carcinogens. Colon cells divide faster if diet is
  high in fat, increasing risk that abnormal cells
  will form
• Dietary fiber speeds mvmt of waste through the
  intestines and out of body. If diet is low in
  fiber, the waste moves more slowly, giving
  carcinogens in the waste more time to act on
  bodys cells

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Reducing Risk

• Protect skin from UV radiation
• Avoid tobacco and alcohol
• Practice abstinence from sexual activity to
  reduce the risk of STDs
• Be physically active
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat nutritious foods
• Follow eating plan low in sat fat and high in
  fiber
• Recognize warning signs of cancer

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Detecting and treating Cancer

• Drs are able to detect cancer earlier than in
  the past
• Many advances in treatment options as well
• Early detection is key!!!
• Self-examination checking your own body
  including breasts, testicles and skin
• Medical examination testing by a Dr for early
  signs of cancer
• About ½ of all new cancers are detected during a
  routine medical screening

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Detecting and Treating Cancer

• Biopsy the removal of a small piece of tissue
  for examination
• Usually used to see if cancer is present

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Treatment Options

• Surgery removes some or all cancerous masses
  from body
• Radiation uses radioactive substances to kill
  cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses
• Chemotherapy uses chemicals to destroy cancer
  cells
• Immunotherapy activates a persons immune
  system to recognize specific cancers and destroy
  them
• Hormone therapy uses medicines to interfere
  with the production of certain hormones, such as
  estrogen, that help cancer cells grow
• Remission a period of time when symptoms
  disappear

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Diabetes

• A chronic disease that affects the way body cells
  convert sugar into energy
• The pancreas produces too little or no insulin, a
  hormone that helps glucose from food enter body
  cells and provide them w/energy
• Some diabetics do produce enough insulin, but
  cells dont respond
• Symptoms frequent urination, excessive thirst,
  unexplained wt loss, sudden change in vision,
  tingling in hands/feet, frequent fatigue, sores
  that are slow to heal, more infections than usual

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Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

• Type 1 accounts for 5-10 of all diabetes
• Body fails to produce insulin, glucose builds up
  in blood and cells dont get energy they need
• Autoimmune disease a condition which the immune
  system mistakenly attacks itself
• People must take daily does of insulin

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Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

• Accounts for 90-95 of all cases of diabetes
• Usually occurs after age 40, but rising in
  younger people
• Body is unable to make enough insulin or to use
  insulin properly
• Prevention
• Choose low-fat, low-calorie foods
• Participate in regular physical activity