Islamic Republic of Pakistan

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Islamic Republic of Pakistan

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Ittehad, Tanzim, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam  "Unity,
Discipline and Faith"
UNCLASSIFIED
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• Geography Population
• History
• Religion
• Government
• Intelligence
• Military
• US Relations
• Terrorism
• Current Events

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National Flag

• green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the
  role of religious minorities) on the hoist side
• a large white crescent and star are centered in
  the green field
• the crescent, star, and color green are
  traditional symbols of Islam

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Geography

• Capital- Islamabad
• Indus River- life line
• All the rivers originate in India
• K2 (Mt Godwin-Austen)
• Khyber Pass -Afghanistan
• Swat Valley
• April 09 offensive
• Sits at a crossroad between South Asia, the
  Middle East, and Central Asia.
• Borders with
• Afghanistan
• Iran
• India
• China
• Arabian Sea
• About 2x size of California
• Varied climate- mostly hot dry desert temperate
  in NW, arctic in the North.

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Provinces / Territories

• Provinces
• 1Balochistan
• 2North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)
• 3Punjab
• 4Sindh
• Territories
• 5Islamabad Capital Territory (IST)
• 6Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)
• 7Azad Jammu and Kashmir (or simply Azad Kashmir)
  (AJK)
• 8Northern Areas (FANA)

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Population Density
Top Population Karachi- 13m Lahore-
7m Faisalabad- 3m Rawalpindi- 2m Multan-
1.5m Hyderabad- 1.5m Gujranwala- 1.5m Peshawar-
1.3m Quetta- 850,000 Islamabad- 670,000 6th
most populous country in the world (181m -2009
est.)
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History

• Civilization can be traced back to the Mehrgarh
  Culture around 7000 BC.
• The region has been invaded or been settled over
  the centuries by Aryans, Persians, Greeks, Arabs,
  Turks, Afghans, Mongols, Sikhs, and British
  armies and cultures.
• Modern day Pakistan began its independence from
  British on 14 AUG 1947.
• Disputes over boundaries led to the First Kashmir
  War with India in 1948.
• Pakistan declared itself an Islamic Republic in
  1956 progress stalled by a 1956 coup by Ayub
  Khan(1958-1969) and a second 1965 war with India.
• 1971- Pakistans third war with India led to the
  secession of East Pakistan to become Bangladesh.

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History

• 1972-1977 Civilian rule under Zulfikar Ali
  Bhutto, deposed by General Zia.
• 1977-1988 GEN Zia-ul-Haq -third military
  President until his death in 1988
• GEN Zia was an ally of the US and was assisting
  in fighting the Russians in Afghanistan.
• His death was believed to be an assassination by
  the KGB by releasing VX gas on a C130 during the
  flight killing most of his cabinet as well as
  the US Ambassador to Pakistan and BG Wassom, head
  of the US Military Aid Mission to Pakistan.
• 1988-1999 Benazir Bhutto, daughter of Zulfikar,
  elected first female PM of Pakistan.
• 1999 GEN Musharraf named himself President after
  his coup d'état and appointed a series of PMs
• 2002 Zafarullah Jamali elected PM followed by
  Shaukat Aziz in 2004 and briefly by Chaudhry
  Hussain.
• DEC 2007 Assassination of Benazir Bhutto
  resulted in a series of political changes.
• 18 AUG 2008 President Musharraf resigned Asif
  Ali Zardari elected President.

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Religions

• The religious breakdown of the country is as
  follows
• Islam 173,000,000 (96)
• (nearly 75 are Sunni Muslims and 21 are Shi'a
  Muslims).
• Hinduism 3,200,000 (1.85)
• Christianity 2,800,000 (1.6)
• Sikhs Around 20,000 (0.001)
• The remaining are Parsis, Ahmadis, Buddhists,
  Jews, Bahá'ís, and Animists.
• 2nd largest Muslim population in the world after
  Indonesia
• 2nd largest Shia Muslim population in the world
  (after Iran)
• General Zia-ul-Haqs remains are in a tomb on the
  Mosque grounds.
• Faisal Mosque, Islamabad- largest in the country

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Government

• Constitution 12 April 1973
• suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985
• suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in
  2002
• amended 31 December 2003
• suspended 3 November 2007,restored on 15 December
  2007
• Independence 14 August 1947 (from British India)
• National holiday Republic Day, 23 March (1956)
• Suffrage 18 years of age- universal joint
  electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for
  women and non-Muslims
• Member of the United Nations and World Trade
  Organization.
• Is a Nuclear State, but not part of the Nuclear
  Nonproliferation Treaty.
• Unemployment rate- 7.4
• 24 of population below poverty line

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Government

• 3 Federal Branches
• Executive
• President
• Prime Minister
• National Security Council
• Legislative
• Federal Govt Ministries
• Federal Ministers
• Parliament
• Senate
• National Assembly
• Leader of the Opposition
• Judicial
• Attorney General
• Attorney Chief

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Government

• President Asif Ali Zardari
• Serves as the Chief of State
• Co-Chair of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP)
• Widower of Benazir Bhutto (former Prime Minister
  assassinated on 27 DEC 2007)
• Sworn in on 9 SEP 08 following the resignation of
  President Pervez Musharaf on 18 AUG 08. Elections
  were held on 6 SEP in which Zardari won a clear
  majority.
• Zadaris election solidified the country's return
  to civilian government after more than eight
  years of military rule.
• Presidential elections are for 5 year terms

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Government

• Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani (PPP)
• Assumed office 25 March 2008
• Serves as the Head of the Government
• The Prime Minister is selected by the National
  Assembly.
• Cabinet positions are appointed by the President
  on the advice of the Prime Minister

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ISI Inter-Services Intelligence

• Director LTG Ahmad Shuja Pasha
• Took over in Sept 2008
• Prior post was responsible for planning ops
  against Taliban and Al-Qaeda militants in the
  FATA and NWFP provinces of Pakistan.
• Closely allied with the CIA
• Anti-Taliban
• ISI est. 1948 after the Indo-Pakistan War (First
  Kashmir War).
• Pakistan's premier intelligence agency
• Falls under the Military of Pakistan
• Conducts intelligence analysis, gathering and
  dissemination between other agencies and
  countries.

Gen Kayani, Army Chief of Staff LTG Pasha, ISI
Director ADM Mullen
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Military

• Army (including National Guard), Navy (including
  Marines and Maritime Security), Air Force,
  Paramilitary Forces and Strategic Nuclear
  Command. (est. 1.5 million total)
• Special Forces
• Special Service Group (SSG)- Based off British
  SAS est. 2100 men.
• SSG Navy- Based of US Navy SEALs est. 700-1000
  men.
• Special Service Wing- Based off USAF 1st Spec Ops
  Wing est. 700-1000 men.
• 17-23 yrs of age for voluntary military service
  (soldiers can not deploy till age 18)
• 2009- AF and Navy inducted their first female
  pilots and sailors.
• Approx 34,000,000 (m) 33,000,000 (f) fit for
  service 2009 est.
• Pakistan Armed forces were the second largest
  contributor to UN peacekeeping efforts with more
  than 10,000 personnel deployed in 2007.. And the
  largest as of 2009.
• Were part of the UN Coalition in the first Gulf
  War.
• Frontier Corps (FC)- NWFP paramilitary group

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US - PAK Relations

• Helped spearhead operations in Afghanistan to
  remove Soviet Union
• Islamabad was major staging area for CIA led
  operations against the Soviets
• Prior to 9/11 PAK was a strong proponent of the
  Taliban.
• After 9/11 under the direction of Musharraf,
  became ally of US and granted US military
  airbases and posts to conduct operations against
  Afghanistan.
• Since 2001, PAK has reportedly received 10
  billion dollars from US.
• US is expected to triple non-military aid to
  Pakistan to 1.5 billion per year over 10 years
• Named a major Non-NATO ally in the GWOT by Pres
  Bush in 2004.
• Reported deployment of Blackwater / Xe Services
  LLC to NWFP in 2009.

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Terrorism in Pakistan

• Tehreek-e-Taliban (TTP- Students Movement of
  Pakistan)
• Main Taliban militant umbrella group in Pakistan
• Began its formation in 2002 in FATA DEC 2007
  officially formed under Baitullah Meshud.
• Currently under the leadership of Hakimullah
  Meshud (no relation)
• ISI claims he's a possible look alike brother
  since the real Hakimullah was killed AUG 8th.
• Brigade 313
• Loose group of terrorist organizations to include
  LeT, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Taliban and Al Qaeda.
• Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI- Army of Islam) /
  Jaish-e-Islami
• Founded in 2004, currently headed by Mangal Bagh.
• Operating out of the FATA consists of Pakistani
  Taliban

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Terrorism in Pakistan

• Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT- Army of the Good)
• Active in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh,
  Afghanistan.
• AUG 09 issued an Islamic dress code ultimatum to
  all colleges in Jammu and Kashmir region of
  Pakistan.
• Supported Al-Qaeda efforts in Afghanistan
• Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ)
• Formed in 1990s as a sectarian group targeting
  Shia Muslims.
• Key ally of Al-Qaeda and Pakistani Taliban
• Possible offshoot of SSP
• Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP- Army of the Friends of the
  Prophet)
• Former registered political party in Pakistan
• Focused attacks on Shiites
• Credited with the AUG 2009 Gojra riots against
  Pakistani Christians

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Current Events

• 30 AUG Suicide bomber killed 18 Pakistan police
  officers and seriously wounded another 12 in the
  NWFP.
• 1 SEP Swat Valley- Pakistan military operations
  killed 43 militants including 2 important
  commanders. 105 militants surrendered, to include
  5 additional commanders.
• 1 SEP Increasing number of Blackwater personnel
  reported in Peshawar and other NWFP/FATA areas.
  US and Pakistani officials deny the reports.
• 2 SEP Pakistan Religious Affairs Minister, Hamid
  Kazmi, was shot in the leg in a failed
  assassination attempt. His driver was killed in
  the attack.
• 5 SEP Over 50 militants were killed by security
  forces in NWFP 37 were killed as part of an
  operation targeting Lashkar-e-Islam. Another 14
  were killed in Pakistani airstrikes.
• 8 SEP Gunmen in NW Pakistan killed 4 Shia
  students in a sectarian attack.
• 11 SEP TTP (Tehreek-e-Taliban) Spokesman, Muslim
  Khan, and 4 other council members were arrested
  in the Swat Valley. Reported Fazlullah (TTP-Swat
  Leader) lost his legs in a recent attack.

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• 30 drone attacks in 2009 so far killing an
  estimated total of 460 people
• Last month
• 5 AUG strike in S. Waziristan killing Baitullah
  Mehsud and his wife.
• 11 AUG strike in Ladda village, S.Waziristan
  killed 10 militants.
• 21 AUG strike on village of Darpa Kheil, N.Wz,
  reportedly targeting Sirajuddin Haqqani (Pashtun
  warlord), killing at least 21 people.
• 27 AUG strike on the Tapar Ghai area (S.Wz)
  killing at least 6.
• 8 SEP drone strike kills 13 in N.Wz. May have
  killed Al Qaeda leaders Ilyas Kashmiri and
  Mustafa al Jaziri as well as 3 Punjabi militants
  and 2 or 3 local Taliban fighters.
• 9 SEP strike targeted Taliban compound in N.Wz
  killing 5 militants.
• 10 SEP drone kills 12 militants and important
  commander in NWFP.

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BBC, 2009
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Questions?
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References

• CIA World Fact Book
• Opensource.gov
• Pakistan.gov
• Wikipedia
• CNN
• BBC