Strategic Management, Organization

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Session IV Strategic Management, Organization
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Scientific Management

• Defined by Frederick Taylor, late 1800s.
• The systematic study of the relationships between
  people and tasks to redesign the work for higher
  efficiency.
• Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent
  on each task by optimizing the way the task was
  done.
• Significant improvements in productivity

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Taylors 4 Principles

• Develop a science for each element of work
• Select, train, and develop workers
• Cooperate with workers (share the savings more
  for better performance)
• Divide work and responsibility equally

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Resistance to Taylor

• Separation of work from planning destroyed the
  traditional craft system money substituted for
  pride
• Unions mistrusted Taylor reduced work force
  from 450 to 150 on first job
• Some firms cut rates after changes
• Legislation to prevent time studies in government
  jobs.

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Frank Lillian Gilbreth
Time and Motion Studies Film Therbligs Cheaper by
the Dozen
Henry L. Gantt
Engineer worked with Taylor Gantt Chart
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The Gilbreths

• Frank and Lillian Gilbreth refined Taylors
  methods.
• Made many improvements to time and motion
  studies.
• Time and motion studies
• 1. Break down each action into components.
• 2. Find better ways to perform it.
• 3. Reorganize each action to be more efficient.
• Gilbreths also studied fatigue problems,
  lighting, heating and other worker issues.

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Strategic Quality Planning

• Mission
• Vision
• Long-term objectives
• Annual goals
• Deployment of goals
• Assignment of resources
• Systematic measurement
• Connection to rewards and recognition

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Strategic Quality Planning

• Aimed at establishing long-range quality
  objectives and creating an approach to meeting
  those objectives
• Top managements job
• Integrated with other objectives
• Operations
• Finance
• Marketing
• Human Resources

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Role of Upper Management

• Establish and Serve on a Quality Council
• Establish Quality Strategies
• Establish, Align, and Deploy Quality Goals
• Provide the Resources

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Role of Upper Management

• Provide Training in Quality Methodology
• Serve on Upper-Management Improvement Teams
• Review Progress and Stimulate Improvement
• Provide for Reward and Recognition

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Role of the Quality Director

• Company-wide Quality Planning
• Setting Up Quality Measurement at All Levels
• Auditing Ongoing Quality
• Auditing Quality Practices
• Coordinating and Assisting with Quality Projects

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Role of the Quality Director

• Participating in Supplier Partnerships
• Training for Quality
• Consulting for Quality
• Developing New Quality Methodologies
• Transferring Activities to Line Departments

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Role of Middle Management

• Nominating Quality Problems for Solutions
• Serving as Leaders of Project Teams
• Serving as Members of Project Teams
• Serving on Task Forces to Assist Quality Council
• Leading the Quality Activities with Own Area
• Identifying Customers and Suppliers Discovering
  and Addressing their Needs

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Role of the Workforce

• Nominating Quality Problems for Solutions
• Serving as Members of Project Teams
• Identifying Elements of Own Jobs Not in
  Self-Control
• Becoming Knowledgeable about Customers and their
  Needs

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Quality Project Teams

• Team Roles
• Champion
• Team Leader
• Recorder
• Members
• Facilitators

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Quality Project Teams

• Different Types of Teams
• Planning
• Improvement
• Process Management