Socialisation

1
EDU500- HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

• SOCIALISATION
• Satish P.
  Chand
• 
  

2
What is Socialization?

• 1. Development of habits, skills, values and
  motives shared by productive members of society.
• 2. a process by which a societys expected
  behaviour patterns, standards and beliefs are
  transmitted from one individual to another.
• Through socialisation we become competent members
  of a group

3
When does Socialization Occur?

• Socialization occurs throughout the lifetime as
  individuals learn new norms and new groups and
  situations. Socialization can be divided into
  three major phases.

4
Primary Socialization

• Learning we experience from the people who raise
  us.
• For children to grow and thrive, caregivers must
  satisfy their physical needs, including food,
  clothing and shelter.

5
Secondary Socialization

• occurs in late childhood and adolescence, when
  the child enters school and comes under the
  influence of adults and peers outside the
  household and family environment

6
Adult Socialization

• Person learns the norms associated with new
  statuses such as wife, husband, researcher,
  teacher.

7
Developmental stages

• Researchers have different theories about how
  children learn about themselves and their roles
  in society

8
Freuds theory of personality development

• Believed that basic biological instincts combine
  with societal factors to shape personalities
• Mind consists of three parts that must interact
  properly for a person to function well in
  society.
• Personal and social problems arise if any one of
  the parts become dominant

9
Freud divided personality into three functional
areas

• Id inborn drives (responsible for the
  satisfaction of physical desires)
• Superego - the conscience or culture within us
  (mind develops conformity to societal norms and
  values)
• Ego balancing force (the part of mind that
  resolves the conflicts between the id and
  superego)

10
Meads theory of Social behaviourism

• People develop self-images through interactions
  with other people
• Self is a product of social experience
• Outlined 4 ideas about how the self develops
• The self develops solely through social
  experience
• Social experience consist of the exchange of
  symbols
• Knowing others intentions requires imagining the
  situation from their perspectives
• Understanding the role of the other results in
  self awareness

11
Cooleys theory of the Looking Glass Self

• We form our self- images through interaction with
  other people
• Interested in how significant others shape us as
  individuals
• Significant other is someone whose opinions
  matter to us and who is in a position to
  influence our thinking. E.g.. parent, sibling,
  spouse or best friend

12
Cooleys theory of the Looking Glass Self

• Looking-glass self refers to a self image that is
  based on how we think others see us.
• It is a 3 step process
• we imagine that a significant other perceives
  us in a certain way
• We imagine that he/she makes a judgment about us
  based on that perception
• We form a self image based on how we think our
  significant other sees us.

13
Piagets theory of cognitive development

• The way children think changes as they mature
  physically and interact with the world around
  them.
• Identified 4 stages of development
• Stage 1. Sensorimotor Period (birth 2 years)
  children learn by using their senses and moving
  around. Achievement object permanence

14
Piagets theory of cognitive development.
cont

• Stage 2 Preoperational period (age 2 7 years)
• Children get better at symbolic thought, but
  cant yet reason. Arent capable of conservation.
• Stage 3 Concrete operational period (age 7-11
  years)
• Children are capable of performing mental
  operations
• Stage 4 Formal operational period ((age 11
  through adulthood) Children are capable of
  applying mental operations to abstract concepts.

15
Kohlbergs theory of moral development

• Kohlberg was interested in moral reasoning (why
  people think the way they do about whats right
  and wrong).
• Proposed people passed through 3 levels of moral
  development
• The pre conventional level children ascribe
  great importance to the authority of adults
• The conventional level children want to follow
  rules in order to get approval
• The post conventional level people are more
  flexible and think in terms of whats personally
  important to them.

16
Agents of socialisation

• People, groups and experiences that influence our
  behaviour and self image are agents of
  socialisation.
• Includes family, school, peer groups and the mass
  media.

17
Agents of socialisation- family

• Family has most impact
• From infancy through teen years, most children
  rely almost solely on their parents or primary
  caregivers for basic necessities, nurturing and
  guidance
• The family determines a childs race, language,
  religion, class and politicial affiliation

18
Agents of socialisation-school

• Schools introduce children to new knowledge,
  order, bureaucracy and students from family
  backgrounds different from their own.
• School experience often pressures children to
  conform to gender roles.

19
Agents of socialisation- peer group

• Social group where the members are of same age,
  and have common interest and social position.
• Children begin to break away from their parents
  authority and learn to make friends and decisions
  on their own

20
Agents of socialisation- mass media

• Mass media re the methods of communication that
  direct messages and entertainment at a wide
  audience. Newspapers, magazines, television,
  radio, the internet are all forms of mass media.

21
Conflicting agents of socialisation

• Different agents of socialization often teach
  children conflicting lessons. For example, in the
  family, children usually learn to respect their
  elders. Among their friends, however, children
  may learn that respecting adults makes them
  unpopular.

22
Conflicting agents of socialisation

• Isolated children- Children raised in isolation,
  cut off from all but the most necessary human
  contact, do not acquire basic social skills, such
  as language and the ability to interact with
  other humans
• The Case of Anna
• The Case of Isabelle
• Isolated monkeys
• Institutionalised children

23
Conclusion

• Socialisation is powerful and transforms us into
  conforming members of the society
• Each of us is actively involved in the social
  construction of the self

24
Thank you Have a great learning week