Vegetarian Diets

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Vegetarian Diets
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Health Benefits of Vegetarian Diets

• Healthier body weight maintenance
• Lower blood pressure/HTN
• Lower CAD R/T less saturated fat/ cholesterol,
  higher in fiber
• Lower rates of cancer due to high intakes of
  fruits and vegetables

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Vegetarian Diets

• Lactovegetarian
• Include milk and milk products
• Exclude eggs, seafood, meats, poultry
• Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
• Include milk eggs
• Exclude seafood, meats, poultry
• Vegan
• Exclude all animal-derived foods

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Vegetarian Diet Planning

• Protein
• Lacto-ovo-vegetarians consume high quality
  proteins, complete animal proteins
• Complementary proteins will provide all essential
  amino acids
• Examples
• Seeds grains
• Seeds legumes
• Legumes grains

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Limiting amino acids

• Essential amino acid in shortest supply
• In plant foods
• Lysine
• Methionine
• Threonine
• Tryptophan

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Figure 6-11Page 195
Complementary Proteins
Lys
Met
Ile
Trp
Legumes
Grains
Together
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In-text Figure Page 194
Black beans and rice, a favorite Hispanic
combination, together provide a balanced array
of amino acids.
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Vegetarian Diet Planning

• Iron Iron-rich vegetables, fortified grain
  products consumed with foods high in Vitamin C
• Zinc Legumes, whole grains, nuts
• Calcium Not a problem for lactovegetarians
  consume calcium rich foods
• Vitamin B 12 Vegans may need supplementation or
  consume fortified products
• Vitamin D fortified foods or sunlight exposure

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In-text Figure Page 196
Vegetarians obtain their protein from whole
grains, legumes, nuts, vegetables, and, in some
cases, eggs and milk products.
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Vegetarian Diets and Children

• Vegan diet problematic
• Observations of nutritional deficiencies and
  malnutrition
• Children need kcals/fat (30 - 35 ) for proper
  growth
• Problems
• High fiber --gt lower kcal/nutrient intake --gt
  stunted growth and malnutrition

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Vegetarian Diets Children, Cont

• Solutions
• Liberalize diet
• Use nutritionally dense foods (peanut butter,
  nuts, seeds)
• Fortified animal-free foods

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