Essential Question for Industrialism

1
Essential Question for Industrialism

• Does Industrialization constitute progress?

2
Railroads after the Civil War- Transcontinental
Railroad
Completed in 1869, the First Transcontinental
railroad stretched across the continent and led
to rapid growth.
3
Railroads after the Civil War (2)
In 1900s
In 1860s

• They helped settle the land, sent raw
  materials and products around the country .

4
Consolidate-

• To combine. Larger companies bought smaller
  companies and forced others out of business

5
Cornelius Vanderbilt

• A wealthy powerful railroad baron who gained
  control of the New York Central line and vastly
  expanded his railroad empire!

6
Rebate
Gives people discounts
Gives people discounts

• To win or keep business, big railroads secretly
  offered rebates, or discounts, to their largest
  customers. Others paid more.

7
Pool

• Secret agreement made by railroad companies to
  divide up business and fix prices

8
Importance of railroads on America

• It made it possible for the rapid growth of
  industry after 1865. It transported goods and
  people faster.

9
Samuel Morse

• He invented the telegraph and morse code to send
  messages.

10
Alexander G. Bell
His telephone

• Invented a telephone that could provide
  communication over many miles.

Advances over the years
11
George Eastman

• Invented a small light weight camera so that
  taking photographs was cheaper easier.

12
Thomas Edison
Phonograph
Thomas Edison

• He invented many items like the light bulb,
  phonograph, motion picture projector, storage
  batteries

13
Henry Ford

• Modernized the auto industry. His first car was
  the model-T. Made transportation easier.

14
Assembly Line

• The assembly line is a system of manufacturing
  in which each worker performs a specialized
  operation on an unfinished product as it is moves
  by conveyor past his or her station.

15
Mass Production
Ford
Fords assembly line made mass production
A manufacturing technique used to produce large
quantities of commodities at a low cost.
16

Orville and Wilbur Wright

• They built and flew the first airplane in 1903
  at Kitty Hawk, NC.

17
Corporation

• A corporation is a business owned by investment.
  They raised money by selling stock.

18
Stock
Stock Valuations
Stock Certificate
Corporations sells stock or shares in a business
to investors. Stock exchanges are organizations
that enable investors to buy or sell bonds or
shares of stock.
19
Dividend
(money goes to shareholders)
Company profit
stockholder
The distribution or sharing of parts of the
profits to the company shareholders.
20
John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Trust
He made a fortune in the petroleum (oil) industry
and later became famous for his philanthropy
(charity).
21
Trust
Rockefellers Standard Oil company is an example
A combination of firms or corporations to reduce
competition.
22
Monopoly
price
Complete control of a commodity or service in a
given market or control that makes the fixing of
prices possible.
23
Andrew Carnegie
Was a Scottish born American businessman, a major
philanthropist and the founder of the Carnegie
Steel Company.
24
Bressemer process

• The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive
  industrial process for the mass-production of
  steel from molten pig iron.

Bessemer
steel
25
J.P Morgan
J.P Morgan
Powerful banker

• Most powerful banker of the late 1800s. He used
  banking profits to gain control of major
  corporations.

26
Philanthropist
Rockefeller
Carnegie
Someone who gives large amounts of money to
charity.
27

Sherman Antitrust Act

• Approved in 1890, the act banned the formation of
  trusts and monopolies, but it was to weak to be
  very effective.

trust
28
U.S. Economy in Late 1800s/ Early 1900s

• The U.S. became more industrialized and the
  economy grew

29
Working conditions for labor

• Working conditions in factories were terrible.
• Long hours, Low pay, Dangerous

30
Sweatshop
Urban factories that were crowded very dangerous
31
Child Labor

• Many children under 12 worked in the late 1800s.

32
Reasons for unions

• The reasons for unions was to work less hours
  and get better pay and working conditions.

33
Terence Powderly Knights of labor

• American labor leader and union in the 1880s.
  It allowed skilled unskilled workers, women
  and blacks to join.

34
AFL Samuel Gompers

• Samuel Gompers is considered the father of the
  labor movement in the US. He was president of the
  American Federation of Labor which fought for
  higher wages shorter hours.

35
Collective bargaining
Old way
Collective bargaining

• Unions wanted this. They would represent workers
  in bargaining with management.

36
Triangle shirt waist fire
The Triangle Fire was a disaster in New York City
in which 146 garment workers died, most of them
young women. It led to new factory safety laws.
37
Strikes
Refusal by union workers to do their jobs until
their demands are met. They got little sympathy.
38
Haymarket riot
Workers gathered to protest the deaths of four
workers on strike. A bomb went off and killed a
police officer. The US viewed it as a strike out
of control
39
Reactions against unions

• Anti-labor feelings grew stronger after bloody
  clashes between police and strikers. Many
  middle-class Americans thought of the labor
  movement like terrorism.

40
Injunction
A court order to do or not to do something.
Courts issued these to stop strikes