Title: Essential Question:
1- Essential Question
- How did Jeffersons presidency change American
government, territory, foreign policy? - Warm-Up Question
- How will the fact that Jefferson was a
Democratic-Republican influence his policies as
Americas third president?
2- The period of time in U.S. history before the
Civil War is known as the Antebellum Era
(1800-1860) - Early Antebellum (1800-1840)
- American nationalism
- Age of the common man
- Industrial revolution, rise of king cotton,
market economy - Late Antebellum (1840-1860)
- Manifest Destiny into the West
- Sectionalism divided North South
3- Jeffersons defeat of Adams is often called the
Revolution of 1800 - For the first time, a new political party took
the presidency - Jeffersons presidency marked the start of nearly
30 years of political dominance by the
Democratic-Republicans
- George Washington
- John Adams
- Thomas Jefferson
- James Madison
- James Monroe
- John Q. Adams
- Andrew Jackson
Jefferson Video
4Jefferson as President
- As a Democratic-Republican, Jefferson tried to
reverse Federalist policies reduce the size
cost of the national govt - He reduced the size of the army
- Cut back Hamiltons financial plan by ending all
excise taxes allowing the charter of the Bank
of the U.S. to expire
5- Jefferson believed that America should be an
agrarian republic that protects liberty
6Midnight Judges
- Before leaving office, President Adams appointed
numerous Federalist judges to federal courts - John Marshall became chief justice to the Supreme
Court - Over the next 30 years, John Marshall
strengthened the power of the national govt
the Supreme Court
7The Legacy of John Marshall
In each of these cases, John Marshall helped
strengthen the power of the national govt over
the states or protected citizens from the power
of their state govts
- Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
- Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
- Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
- Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
- Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
8Marbury v. Madison
- Jefferson invalidated as many of Adams midnight
judges as possible - One judge, William Marbury, sued claiming that
the president could not overturn an act of
Congress - The case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established
the principle of judicial review giving the
Supreme Court the power to declare acts of
Congress unconstitutional
9Marbury v. Madison
- Jefferson invalidated as many of Adams midnight
judges as possible - One judge, William Marbury, sued claiming that
the president could not overturn an act of
Congress - The case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established
the principle of judicial review giving the
Supreme Court the power to declare acts of
Congress unconstitutional
10Judicial Review
11The United States in 1800
From 1800 to 1810, the population grew by 2
million people, thousands flooded into the west,
3 new states were added to the USA
In 1800, Napoleon reclaimed Louisiana from Spain,
but by 1803, he needed money to fund his European
war offered to sell Louisiana
Ohio (1803)
Kentucky (1792)
Tennessee (1796)
12The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
As a strict constructionist Jefferson did not
know if he had the Constitutional power to buy
Louisiana but he did it anyway
Louisiana Purchase Video
In 1803, Jefferson authorized the Louisiana
Purchase from France for 15 million
Lewis Clark were sent by Jefferson to map
explore this new territory Their findings
revealed an abundance of natural resources for
America
13Jefferson easily won re-election in 1804
14Jeffersons Legacy
- Jefferson came into office trying to reduce the
size power of the national government, but - By buying Louisiana, he expanded government power
beyond that of the Constitution - He encouraged Congress to create an embargo (no
trade) to punish England France for violating
U.S. free trade
15Napoleons Empire
Americans smuggled Jefferson had to increase
the size of govt to enforce the embargo
Jeffersons embargo was a pain in the rear end
because it hurt Americans more than it hurt the
English or French
16- George Washington
- John Adams
- Thomas Jefferson
- James Madison
- James Monroe
- John Q. Adams
- Andrew Jackson
- James Madison won the presidency in 1808 1812
- Madison was the architect of the Constitution,
was elected to Congress, served as Jeffersons
VP - Madison continued the dominance of the
Democratic-Republican Party tried to continue
Jeffersons policies of limited national govt
17The War of 1812
- Unfortunately, the war between England France
continued to cause problems for Americans - England France continued to violate American
free trade - The British navy continued to impress American
merchants - Many Congressmen, called War Hawks demanded war
with Britain to defend U.S. honor
Free Trade Sailors' Rights was a popular
battle cry
18Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War
of 1812 the Second American Revolution
Madison eventually gave in asked Congress for a
declaration of war in June 1812
19The War of 1812 (18121814)
- The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war
began - Had a weak navy poorly trained army
- The war went badly at first
The British attacked burned Washington, DC
and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott
Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner
20The War of 1812 (18121814)
- Even though Britain was winning, they were
fighting Napoleons army in Europe wanted to
end the war in America quickly
21The War of 1812 (18121814)
The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who
became a national hero
- In 1814, Britain U.S. signed the Treaty of
Ghent ending the war - Before news arrived, the Americans won the Battle
of New Orleans
The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to
feel as though they won the war
22Treaty of Ghent
- Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not
address trade rights or other causes of the war - Effects of the War of 1812
- Americans were united in a sense of nationalism,
believing that they had beaten the British - America entered an Era of Good Feelings with a
popular president booming national economy
23- George Washington
- John Adams
- Thomas Jefferson
- James Madison
- James Monroe
- John Q. Adams
- Andrew Jackson
- James Monroe was elected president in 1816 1820
with a clear set of goals - To promote national unity
- To promote Americas power in the world
- Monroe was a Democratic-Republican, but by 1816
the Federalists were so weak that the Republicans
could do almost anything
24The Era of Good Feelings
- After the War of 1812, America experienced an
Era of Good Feelings from 1815 to 1825 - Monroe the Republicans in Congress used this
time to promote American nationalism - Nationalismthe interests of the USA should be
placed ahead of regional interests
25American Nationalism
- Monroe the Republicans in Congress promoted
nationalism American unity in 3 ways - Govt Increasing the power of the national govt
over the states
26American Nationalism
- John Marshall (1801-1835) used the Supreme Court
to strengthen the power of the national govt
27American Nationalism
- Monroe the Republicans in Congress promoted
nationalism American unity in 3 ways - Govt Increasing the power of the national govt
over the states - Economy Encourage industry build better
transportation to link the South, North, West
28The American System
- In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the
American System to unify the economies of the
North, South, West - Created a 2nd Bank of the U.S.
- Created a tariff to promote U.S. industry limit
the importation of British manufactured goods - A natl system of roads canals
29Transportation by 1840 Rivers, Roads, Canals,
Railroads
The American System allowed the USA to create a
national market economy for the 1st time
Western farms grew grains raised livestock that
fed the nation
Northern factories made manufactured goods that
were sold throughout the country
Southern cotton was used in northern textiles
factories
30Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi
After the War of 1812, Americans flooded into
the West By 1840 over 1/3 of the population
lived in the West
This economic territorial growth created a need
to settle Americas national boundaries
Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the
Union
Indiana (1816)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
31American Nationalism
- Monroe the Republicans in Congress promoted
nationalism American unity in 3 ways - Govt Increasing the power of the national govt
over the states - Economy Encourage industry build better
transportation to link the South, North, West - Foreign Policy Expanding U.S. borders
increasing Americas role in world affairs
32American Nationalism
President Monroe his Secretary of State John
Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote
nationalism territorial expansion
In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with
the Adams-Onis Treaty
In 1818, Monroe British leaders agreed to
establish the US/Canada border set at the 49º
33Nationalist Foreign Policy
- When Latin American nations gained independence,
the U.S. supported the new republics - Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in
Latin America - Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European nations
that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere
that the U.S. would not interfere in Europe
34(No Transcript)
35Sectionalism
- The Era of Good Feelings was a time of
nationalism, but there were problems between
North South - Sectionalismwhen regional interests are placed
above national interests - Northerners Southerners disagreed over slavery,
national taxes, the role of national govt - These disagreements dominated politics from 1820
to 1860
36Missouri Compromise
- When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state,
sectionalism emerged - Missouri wanted to become a slave state, like the
South - Northerners did not want to see Southern slave
states increase their power in the national govt - If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South
would have 2 more Senators than the North
Because of the 3/5 Compromise, the South had more
members of the House of Representatives
President Monroe was from Virginia, so the South
controlled the presidency too
37In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri
Compromise
Maine broke from Massachusetts became a free
state
Missouri became a slave state
Slavery was outlawed in all western territories
above the latitude of 3630'