Title: Patterns of Global Terrorism
1Patterns of Global Terrorism
- Characteristics, Causes, and Controls
2What is it?
- The term "terrorism" means premeditated,
politically motivated violence perpetrated
against noncombatant// targets by sub-national
groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to
influence an audience. - The term "international terrorism" means
terrorism involving citizens or the territory of
more than one country. - The term "terrorist group" means any group
practicing, or that has significant subgroups
that practice, international terrorism.
3Why Terrorism?
- Some terrorist attacks may appear to be random or
directed against targets that are not directly
related to the terrorists cause. - For this reason, terrorist acts are often
dismissed as mindless violence, senseless
violence, or irrational violence but terrorism
is seldom mindless or irrational.
MOSCOW, Russia (CNN) -- Explosives strapped to a
woman's waist detonated Wednesday, killing at
least 20 people during a crowded religious
festival in the Chechen village of Iliskhan-Yurt,
according to Russian and Chechen officials.
5/14/03
4Activity
- You need paper and a pen/pencil
- You will take a few notes.
- You will use the reading packet to find examples
of the following
5The Purposes of Terrorism
- Terrorists attempt to inspire and manipulate
fear, for a variety of purposes - To gain publicity...Terrorism is theater.
- To extract specific concessions.
- To cause widespread disorder, demoralizing
society, and breaking down the existing social
and political order. - To provoke repression.
- To enforce obedience.
6Terrorist Tactics
- Six basic terrorist tactics comprise 95 of all
terrorist incidents - Bombings (50)
- Assassinations
- Armed assaults
- Kidnappings
- Barricade and hostage situations
- Hijackings
7Some Statistics
- There were 423 international terrorist attacks in
2000, an increase of 8 percent from the 392
attacks recorded during 1999. The main reason for
the increase was an upsurge in the number of
bombings of a multinational oil pipeline in
Colombia by two terrorist groups there. The
pipeline was bombed 152 times, producing in the
Latin American region the largest increase in
terrorist attacks from the previous year, from
121 to 193. Western Europe saw the largest
decrease--from 85 to 30--owing to fewer attacks
in Germany, Greece, and Italy as well as to the
absence of any attacks in Turkey. - The number of casualties caused by terrorists
also increased in 2000. During the year, 405
persons were killed and 791 were wounded, up from
the 1999 totals of 233 dead and 706 wounded. - The number of anti-US attacks rose from 169 in
1999 to 200 in 2000, a result of the increase in
bombing attacks against the oil pipeline in
Colombia, which is viewed by the terrorists as a
US target. - Nineteen US citizens were killed in acts of
international terrorism in 2000. Seventeen were
sailors who died in the attack against the USS
Cole on 12 October in the Yemeni port of Aden.
8Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations
- Abu Nidal organization (ANO) a.k.a. Fatah
Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary
Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary
Organization of Socialist Muslims - Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
- Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
- Aum Supreme Truth (Aum)
- Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) HAMAS
(Islamic Resistance Movement) - Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM)
- Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG)
- Hizballah (Party of God)
- Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
- Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17
November) - Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front
(DHKP/C) - Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA)
- Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path, or SL)
- Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
- Japanese Red Army (JRA)a.k.a. Anti-Imperialist
International Brigade (AIIB) - Al-Jihad a.k.a. Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Jihad
Group, Islamic Jihad - Kach and Kahane Chai
- Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) National
Liberation Army (ELN)--Colombia - Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO)The
Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ) - Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
(PFLP) - Popular Front for the Liberation of
Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC) - al-Qaida
- There are more.....
9Other Terrorist Groups
- Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
- Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)
- Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALIR)
- First of October Antifascist Resistance Group
(GRAPO) - Revolutionary United Front (RUF)
- Irish Republican Army (IRA)
- Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) (Army of Mohammed)
- New People's Army (NPA)
- Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)
- People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD)
10Weapons-of-Mass-Destruction (WMD) Terrorism
- At the dawn of a new millennium, the possibility
of a terrorist attack involving weapons of mass
destruction (WMD)--chemical, biological,
radiological, nuclear (CBRN), or large explosive
weapons--remained real. As of the end of 2000,
however, the most notorious attack involving
chemical weapons against a civilian target
remained Aum Shinrikyo's sarin nerve agent attack
against the Tokyo subway in March 1995. - Most terrorists continued to rely on conventional
tactics, such as bombing, shooting, and
kidnapping, but some terrorists--such as Usama
Bin Ladin and his associates--continued to seek
CBRN capabilities. - Popular literature and the public dialog focused
on the vulnerability of civilian targets to CBRN
attacks. Such attacks could cause lasting
disruption and generate significant psychological
impact on a population and its infrastructure.
11Weapons-of-Mass-Destruction (WMD) Terrorism
(Cont.)
- A few groups, notably those driven by distorted
religious and cultural ideologies, showed signs
they were willing to cause large numbers of
casualties. Other potentially dangerous but less
predictable groups had emerged, and those groups
may not abide by traditional targeting
constraints that would prohibit using
indiscriminate violence or CBRN weapons. - Some CBRN materials, technology, and especially
information continued to be widely available,
particularly from commercial sources and the
Internet.
12Is It Terrorism?
- Activity
- Read each scenario and decide with a partner if
each one describes an act of terrorism. - To defend your answers you must develop criteria
for determining what is or is not terrorism.
13Total International Terrorist Attacks 1981-2000
14Total International Attacks 2000
15Total International Casualties 2000
16(No Transcript)
17Total Anti-US Attacks 2000
lt Latin America 172
lt Bombing 179
lt Business 176
18Responses to Terrorism
- Q How have Britian, Germany and Israel balanced
civil liberty with the need to be secure? - Small Group Activity
- 1) Each group will read about their assigned
country. - 2) Members of the group will prepare an
appropriate response to the above question.
19United States Terror Alert System
What do you THINK? 1) Can this system lessen the
chance of attack? 2) Will it reduce the number of
casualties?
Homeland Security Secretary Former Pennsylvania
Governor Tom Ridge