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Patterns of Global Terrorism

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Title: Patterns of Global Terrorism


1
Patterns of Global Terrorism  
  • Characteristics, Causes, and Controls

2
What is it?
  • The term "terrorism" means premeditated,
    politically motivated violence perpetrated
    against noncombatant// targets by sub-national
    groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to
    influence an audience.
  • The term "international terrorism" means
    terrorism involving citizens or the territory of
    more than one country.
  • The term "terrorist group" means any group
    practicing, or that has significant subgroups
    that practice, international terrorism.

3
Why Terrorism?
  • Some terrorist attacks may appear to be random or
    directed against targets that are not directly
    related to the terrorists cause.
  • For this reason, terrorist acts are often
    dismissed as mindless violence, senseless
    violence, or irrational violence but terrorism
    is seldom mindless or irrational.

MOSCOW, Russia (CNN) -- Explosives strapped to a
woman's waist detonated Wednesday, killing at
least 20 people during a crowded religious
festival in the Chechen village of Iliskhan-Yurt,
according to Russian and Chechen officials.
5/14/03
4
Activity
  • You need paper and a pen/pencil
  • You will take a few notes.
  • You will use the reading packet to find examples
    of the following

5
The Purposes of Terrorism
  • Terrorists attempt to inspire and manipulate
    fear, for a variety of purposes
  • To gain publicity...Terrorism is theater.
  • To extract specific concessions.
  • To cause widespread disorder, demoralizing
    society, and breaking down the existing social
    and political order.
  • To provoke repression.
  • To enforce obedience.

6
Terrorist Tactics
  • Six basic terrorist tactics comprise 95 of all
    terrorist incidents
  • Bombings (50)
  • Assassinations
  • Armed assaults
  • Kidnappings
  • Barricade and hostage situations
  • Hijackings

7
Some Statistics
  • There were 423 international terrorist attacks in
    2000, an increase of 8 percent from the 392
    attacks recorded during 1999. The main reason for
    the increase was an upsurge in the number of
    bombings of a multinational oil pipeline in
    Colombia by two terrorist groups there. The
    pipeline was bombed 152 times, producing in the
    Latin American region the largest increase in
    terrorist attacks from the previous year, from
    121 to 193. Western Europe saw the largest
    decrease--from 85 to 30--owing to fewer attacks
    in Germany, Greece, and Italy as well as to the
    absence of any attacks in Turkey.
  • The number of casualties caused by terrorists
    also increased in 2000. During the year, 405
    persons were killed and 791 were wounded, up from
    the 1999 totals of 233 dead and 706 wounded.
  • The number of anti-US attacks rose from 169 in
    1999 to 200 in 2000, a result of the increase in
    bombing attacks against the oil pipeline in
    Colombia, which is viewed by the terrorists as a
    US target.
  • Nineteen US citizens were killed in acts of
    international terrorism in 2000. Seventeen were
    sailors who died in the attack against the USS
    Cole on 12 October in the Yemeni port of Aden.

8
Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations
  • Abu Nidal organization (ANO) a.k.a. Fatah
    Revolutionary Council, Arab Revolutionary
    Brigades, Black September, and Revolutionary
    Organization of Socialist Muslims
  • Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG)
  • Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
  • Aum Supreme Truth (Aum)
  • Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) HAMAS
    (Islamic Resistance Movement)
  • Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM)
  • Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG)
  • Hizballah (Party of God)
  • Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
  • Revolutionary Organization 17 November (17
    November)
  • Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front
    (DHKP/C)
  • Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA)
  • Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path, or SL)
  • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)
  • Japanese Red Army (JRA)a.k.a. Anti-Imperialist
    International Brigade (AIIB)
  • Al-Jihad a.k.a. Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Jihad
    Group, Islamic Jihad
  • Kach and Kahane Chai
  • Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
  • Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) National
    Liberation Army (ELN)--Colombia
  • Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO)The
    Palestine Islamic Jihad (PIJ)
  • Palestine Liberation Front (PLF)
  • Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
    (PFLP)
  • Popular Front for the Liberation of
    Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)
  • al-Qaida
  • There are more.....

9
Other Terrorist Groups
  • Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
  • Continuity Irish Republican Army (CIRA)
  • Army for the Liberation of Rwanda (ALIR)
  • First of October Antifascist Resistance Group
    (GRAPO)
  • Revolutionary United Front (RUF)
  • Irish Republican Army (IRA)
  • Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) (Army of Mohammed)
  • New People's Army (NPA)
  • Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)
  • People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD)

10
Weapons-of-Mass-Destruction (WMD) Terrorism
  • At the dawn of a new millennium, the possibility
    of a terrorist attack involving weapons of mass
    destruction (WMD)--chemical, biological,
    radiological, nuclear (CBRN), or large explosive
    weapons--remained real. As of the end of 2000,
    however, the most notorious attack involving
    chemical weapons against a civilian target
    remained Aum Shinrikyo's sarin nerve agent attack
    against the Tokyo subway in March 1995.
  • Most terrorists continued to rely on conventional
    tactics, such as bombing, shooting, and
    kidnapping, but some terrorists--such as Usama
    Bin Ladin and his associates--continued to seek
    CBRN capabilities.
  • Popular literature and the public dialog focused
    on the vulnerability of civilian targets to CBRN
    attacks. Such attacks could cause lasting
    disruption and generate significant psychological
    impact on a population and its infrastructure.

11
Weapons-of-Mass-Destruction (WMD) Terrorism
(Cont.)
  • A few groups, notably those driven by distorted
    religious and cultural ideologies, showed signs
    they were willing to cause large numbers of
    casualties. Other potentially dangerous but less
    predictable groups had emerged, and those groups
    may not abide by traditional targeting
    constraints that would prohibit using
    indiscriminate violence or CBRN weapons.
  • Some CBRN materials, technology, and especially
    information continued to be widely available,
    particularly from commercial sources and the
    Internet.

12
Is It Terrorism?
  • Activity
  • Read each scenario and decide with a partner if
    each one describes an act of terrorism.
  • To defend your answers you must develop criteria
    for determining what is or is not terrorism.

13
Total International Terrorist Attacks 1981-2000
14
Total International Attacks 2000
15
Total International Casualties 2000
16
(No Transcript)
17
Total Anti-US Attacks 2000
lt Latin America 172
lt Bombing 179
lt Business 176
18
Responses to Terrorism
  • Q How have Britian, Germany and Israel balanced
    civil liberty with the need to be secure?
  • Small Group Activity
  • 1) Each group will read about their assigned
    country.
  • 2) Members of the group will prepare an
    appropriate response to the above question.

19
United States Terror Alert System
What do you THINK? 1) Can this system lessen the
chance of attack? 2) Will it reduce the number of
casualties?
Homeland Security Secretary Former Pennsylvania
Governor Tom Ridge
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