Title: Lecture 32: Counter-Terrorism: Internal American Response
1 Lecture 32 Counter-TerrorismInternal
American Response Its Cost
2Original Guest Speaker
- From the US Consulate of Hong Kong
- http//www.usconsulate.org.hk/
- Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001
http//www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2001/pdf/ - Patterns of Global Terrorism 2002
http//www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2002/pdf/ - Israeli Film Festival Desperado Square
- 13/5 (Tue)715pm Hong Kong City Hall Theatre
- 18/5 (Sun)230pm Hong Kong Space Museum Lecture
Hall
3Structure of Lecture 32
- Introduction
- Key Terms Definitions
- Domestic Settings of National Emergencies
- Administrative Reconstruction after 911
- New McCarthyism and Violation of Human Rights
after 911? - Conclusion
- Why is the Cost Neglected?
4PART I Introduction Key Term Definitions
5Key Terms Definitions
- Anti-Terrorism
- Fundamentally Opposing Against Terrorism
- As an Agenda
- E.g. Anti-Terror Coalition
- Counter-Terrorism
- Physically Fighting Back Against Terrorism
- As an Action Plan
- E.g. Office of Counter-Terrorism
6Natures of Anti-Terrorism Today
- As a National Agenda of USA
- Agenda of Internal Policies, Foreign Policies,
Economic Policies, Social Policies, Cultural
Policies - As an Ideology American Patriotism
- Comparison with Anti-Communism in the Cold War
- As a Propaganda Tool
- The World of Black and White
- As an Action Plan Counter-Terrorism
7PART IIDomestic Settings in National
Emergencies
8Nature of National Emergencies
- Crises Affecting People of the Whole Nation
- Require a Combination of Political/ Diplomatic/
Military/ Economic/ Social Reactions - Led by Political Leaders
- Require an Esprit de Corps/ Patriotism to Unite
the Whole Nation - Led by Ideological/ Religious Leaders
- ?Politics and Ideology are Interlocked
9Implications of the Political- Ideological
Alliance
- Limitation of Political Freedom
- Sacrifice of Human Rights to National
Interests/ - National Sponsor of Ideology
- Sacrifice of Ideological Freedom to Patriotism
- Difference between Nationalism and
Patriotism Who to Define if the Subjects Love
their Country? - ? Blurring Domains of Political Leaders and
Ideological Leaders - Rightist Christians in the Bush Administration
- Political Appointment of Ideological/ Religious
Leaders
10Case I WWII (1939-1945)
- America Joined WWII after the Pearl Harbor
Incident (Dec 1941) - Anti-Fascism as the National Agenda AND Patriotic
Ideology - Anglo-American Alliance
- USs Stupid Investment in Chiang Kai-sheks
Government in China - Illegal Detention of American Japanese on the
West Coast Concentration Camps - 4-term Re-election of President Franklin
Roosevelt (FDR)
11Case II McCarthyism (1950s)
- Cold War between Capitalism and Communism
- Anti-Communism as the National Agenda AND
Patriotic Ideology - Senator Joseph McCarthy (the Bad McCarthy)
Started the Random Allegation against Communist
Spies in the 1950s - CIA Head Hoover in the McCarthy Years
- Ronald Reagan in the McCarthy Years
- Documents to Pledge Allegiance to the US
Government
12Victims of McCarthyism
- Witchhunt and the Red Terror
- Politicians (e.g. Condemnation of Harley and
Marshall) - Scientists (e.g. Execution of Julius and Ethel
Rosenburgs) - Hollywood (e.g. Exile of Elia Kazan)
- ? The New McCarthyism before 911?
- Witchhunt and the Yellow Terror?
- ? The New McCarthyism after 911?
- Witchhunt and the Green Terror?
- Revival of Religious Statements on Both Sides
13PART IIIThe Administrative Reconstruction of USA
after 911
14Homeland as the New Battleland
- Previous Wars
- Battle Front
- Home Front
- WWI Memoirs as an Example Dichotomization of
Trench Lives and Home Lives in One Day - 911
- Battle Front Home Front
- Nowhere is Safe?!
- ? Homeland Security in a Battling Format
15Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- Office of Homeland Security (Sept 2001)
- ? Department of Homeland Security Act of 2002
- ? DHS Established 24th January 2003
- Greatest Transformation of US Government since
1947 - 1947 President Truman merged Various Armed
Forces into Department of Defense - 22 Disparate Government Agencies into ONE
- Customs, FBI, Coast Guard, Immigration and
Naturalization - The Czar
- Head Governor Tom Ridge of Pennsylvania
- Budget 2003 US 3.5Billion
16Aims of DHS
- Protecting the Nation against Further Terrorist
Attack - To Analyze Threats and Intelligence
- To Guard Our Borders and Airports
- To Protect Our Critical Infrastructure
- To Coordinate the Response of Our Nation for
Future Emergencies - Protecting the Rights of American Citizens
- Enhancing Public Services
- E.g. Natural Disaster Assistance and Citizenship
Services - http//www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/
- No Homeland Terrorist Attack after 911 and the
Anthrax Scary DHS Effective or Not??
17Homeland Security Advisory System
- GreenBlueYellowOrangeRed
- Similar Alert Systems in Different Countries
- From Internal Alert to Public Alert
- Real Alert?
- Political Statement?
- From Yellow to Orange in the Iraqi War
18USA PATRIOT Act (Oct 2001)
- Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing
Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act - Passed by Congress Oct 2001
- Legalization of Spying and Excessive Intelligence
Activities
- May 8th 630pm LTB
- Prof. Leo Lee (?????)
- Prof. Leonard Chan (?????)
- Mr. Lam Pui Lei (?????)
- Mr. Mak Siu Fai (?????)
19Details of Spying Activities
- In terms of Anti-Espionage and Anti-Subversion
- Federation Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
- Central Intelligent Service (CIA)
- UK MI5, MI6, 007, Johnny England
- Traditional Spying
- Telephone Intercepting, Mail Opening
- Email Surveillance
- Sleeping with the Enemy
- Untraditional Spying
- Scientific/ Chemical Brainstorming Program
20Hidden Agenda of Bush Behind the USAPATRIOT Act?
- Bushs Initial Unpopularity after the 2000
Presidential Election - Bushs Image as a Dummy
- Bushs Initial Executive Handicap with the
Democratic-Majority Congress - Before the Congress Election 2002 and the
Republican Victory - Bushs Initial Pressure Mounting on his
Ineffective Counter-Terrorism at 911
21Result of the Administrative Restructuring
- The American Togetherness after National
Emergencies - Expansion of Executive Power
- Principle of Separation of Power
- Federalist Papers, the American Founders and the
Executive Today - Expansion of Presidential Power
- Power of Bush and Clinton a Comparison
- Is it Adequate to Compare George W Bush with
Adolf Hitler? - The Sense and the Nonsense
22Part IV New McCarthyism and Violation of
Human Rights after 911?
23Target 1 External Threats
- Guantanamo Bay Scandal of Afghan Soldiers
- Military Tribunal Courts
- With No Criminal Laws or Evidential Rules of
Protection - Messages from the Released Prisoners
- War Prisoners in the Iraqi War
- Secret?
- Or Humanitarian Treatment as Reported?
- Future of the Iraqi Pokers
- Mrs. Anthrax as a Case-study
24Target 2 Internal Threats
- List of Foreign Citizens/ Overseas Students on
Surveillance! - Close Contacts with Foreign People Reported!
- Anti-Terrorism in Neighborhood Neighbors
Encouraged to Report Suspicious People (
Foreigners) - Hate Crimes, Racism, or Melting-pot?
25Target 3 Potential Threats
- American Citizens with Arabic Origins being
Investigated by Police Systematically - Precedence of the American Japanese in WWII
- Take You to Taliban Taxi-driver Arrested
- Why do you go to the Middle East?
- Why do you study Islam?
- ? The Green Terror
- Muslims as the Untouchables
26Assigned Readings
- Main Text
- Richard Falk Testing Patriotism and Citizenship
in the Global Terror War (BD P.325-335)
leftist perspective - Supplementary References
- Alan Wolfe The Home Front (HR P.283-294)
rightist perspective
27Conclusion Why is the Cost Neglected?
28Criticism from the Human Rights Fighters Logic
- The Bush Administration as a War Machine
- External-focus State Terrorism
- Internal-focus New McCarthyism
- Michael Cox
- Meanings of Victory American Power after the
Powers - Richard Falk
- Testing Patriotism and Citizenship in the Global
Terror War
29Shift of Americas Human Rights Diplomacy
- 1991-2001 Rule of Human Rights in Diplomacy
- Human Rights Higher than Sovereignty
- Kosovo War
- Annual Report on Chinese Human Rights
- After 2001 Rule of Anti-Terrorism
- Human Rights Lower than Homeland Security
- Annual Report on Anti-Terrorism
30Lack of Internal Challengers
- Democratic Party Joined with the Republicans in
the War-time Coalition - Robert Byrd (86 Years Old Senator) as the
Alternative Case-study - Green Party/ Radical Human Rights Watchers/ Noam
Chomsky etc - Marginalized in the Mainstream Society
- Comparison with the Vietnam War
- Criticism of US Anti-Terrorism might Violate USA
PATRIOT Act
31Feebleness of International Human Rights
Watchers
- Lack of Government Sponsorship to Challenge US
Human Rights - China US Human Rights White Paper
- The U-U-U-turns of France and Russia
- International Media Dominated by USA
- Violation of Human Rights in the Iraqi War?
- Previous Mandate of Human Rights Watchers Given
by USA
32The End
Thank you for attending