Reminders

1
Reminders

• Opera Project information on web- MUH 3212 -
  Opera (Video) Project (Spring 2009)- Request
  title w/ at least 1-2 alternates- No Drafts
  after Thursday, 1200 noon
• Bibliography Project- Now Overdue and generating
  penalties- did you receive a receipt?

2
MULTI-CHAPTER TEST 2

• This coming FRIDAY, 17 April 2009, during normal
  class time.
• Covers Chapters 17-18-19- post-Beethoven to end
  of opera
• Review materials on course web site
• Same format (roughly) as Test 1
• Start when entire class is ready, done by 1129
• Late arrivals receive no extra time

3
Richard Wagner

• Dominant figure of German music in 2nd half of
  19th C
• Transforms German music-influenced by Weber,
  Beethoven, Meyerbeer- opera into music drama-
  symphony into tone poem- chromaticism to the end
  of tonality- extreme orchestral forces
• Personality larger than life

(1813-1883)
4
Innovations Significance

• Schopenhauer (music as manifestation of will)
• GesamtkunstwerkUnion of all arts in service
  of drama - Complete control of all aspects of
  production- Wrote own librettos based on German
  mythology- Precise coordination of staging,
  singing, etc.
• Music Drama - words action outer drama
  (physical reality)- orchestral sound inner
  drama (psychological)
• Leitmotifs in unending melody
• Huge Orchestra forces (quadruple winds, full
  brass)
• Bayreuth Festspielhaus (built 1872-76)

5
Bayreuth Festspielhaus
6
Bayreuth Festspielhaus
7
Bayreuth Festspielhaus

• Deep Orchestra Pit(in front of stage)
• Holds over 100 players
• invisible orchestra

8
Tristan und Isolde

• Continuous musical texture (no distinction
  between arias and recitatives)
• Leitmotifs in symphonic web
• Extreme chromatic harmony(dissolution of
  tonality)
• NAWM 128 (Hanning, 487)
• Additional Examples YouTube - Wagner Tristan
  und Isolde PreludeYouTube - Tristan und Isolde
  Act3 Mild und leise...

Tristan
Isolde
9
TEST 2 MATERIALS END HERE

• Following Slides referenceChapters 20 ff. (for
  Final Exam)

10
Music in the late 19th C

• Romanticism ends by 1850s
• Late Romantic or post Romantic inadequate
• Musical Modernism (Carl Dahlhaus)- begins c.
  1889 (Strauss/Mahler)- coincides w/ rise of
  mass-market culture
• Generation of composers born c. 1850s-70sJean
  Sibelius, Edward Elgar, Giacomo Puccini, Richard
  Strauss, Gustav Mahler, Claude Debussy, Hugo
  Wolf, etc.
• Nationalism

11
Anton Bruckner

• b. Linz, then Vienna
• Organist, theorist, teacher
• Wagnerian Symphonist- large orchestral
  forces- massive forms
• Influences of Beethovens 9th- opening out of
  mist- recall of earlier materials
• ExamplesYouTube - Bruckner - 4th symphony
  "Romantic"- 1st mvt. (Part 1)YouTube - Bruckner
  - 4th symphony "Romantic" - 1st mvt. (Part 2)

(1824-1896)
12
Hugo Wolf

• Most important composer of Lieder in late 19th C
• Career as critic in Vienna
• Lieder- music in service of words- poets name
  above his
• Adapts Wagnerian style- free declamation-
  chromatic harmony
• ExampleElisabeth Schwartzkopf - kennst du das
  land - hugo wolf

(1860-1903)
13
Gustav Mahler

• Composer-conductor(Hanning, 496 on career)
• to write a symphony is to construct a world
• Song-Symphonist- songs for voice orchestra- 9
  Symphonies- Das Lied von der Erde
• NAWM 137 (orch. song)
• ExamplesYouTube - Mahler Symphony No. 1 "Titan"
  Part I 1/2YouTube - Mahler Symphony No. 1
  "Titan" Part I 2/2YouTube - Fischer-Dieskau
  Sings Mahler "Ging heut Morgen übers Feld"

(1860-1911)