Title: BioMed Central, Open Access Publishing, and Digital Archiving
1BioMed Central,Open Access Publishing, and
Digital Archiving
Matthew CockerillTechnical Director, BioMed
Central
2Summary of talk
- What is Open Access publishing and why is it
necessary? - The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access
publisher - The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving
3Summary of talk
- What is Open Access Publishing and why is it
necessary? - The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access
publisher - The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving
4The current model of publishing scientific
research
- Scientists carry out research
- They write up their results
- They submit them to a journal
- Other scientists act as peer reviewers and
editorial advisers - Finally, the publisher sells access to that
research back to the scientific community
5Whats wrong with this status quo?
- Restricted redistribution of scientific research
is contrary to the interests of - the scientists who do the research
- the funders who pay for it
- society as a whole
- It is an historical artefact of the economics of
print publishing
6BioMed Central the first Open Access publisher
- Part of Current Science Group
- Published first article in mid-2000
- Strict policy of immediate open access to all
research articles
7Scientific benefits of Open Access
- Quicker, more direct access to research results
- Research is equally accessible to all scientists,
not just those at the richest institutions - Even for the fortunate few, Open Access gets rid
of the frustration with passwords, logins and
subscriptions - Ability to manipulate, analyze, and mine the
literature for knowledge
8Economic benefits of Open Access
- Cost per article access for Elsevier journals
estimated at approx US 11(Washington State
University estimate) - A typical BioMed Central open-access research
article receives 2000 full text accesses in the
2 years following publication, and a similar
number of accesses again via PubMed Central. - Cost to the scientific community 500. So cost
per access 500/(20002) 0.125 - Cost-per access reduced almost 100-fold!
9Momentum for Open Access
- PubMed Central
- Public Library of Science
- Open Access declarationsBudapest/Bethesda/Berlin
- Software open-source movement
- Mass cancellation of titles from traditional
publishers
10BioMed Centrals business model for open access
publishing
- Keep costs down via
- Online submission and peer review
- Automated tools to streamline article processing,
conversion and layout - Processing charge (currently 500) for accepted
articles - No processing charge for authors at member
institutions
11Institutional membership
More than 350 major institutions are members of
BioMed Central, including, to name just a few
- CalTech
- Cancer Research UK
- Columbia University
- Cornell University
- University of California
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- Harvard University
- INSERM
- Imperial College
- Institut Pasteur
- John Innes Centre
- Johns Hopkins University
- Kyoto University
- Max Planck Institutes
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute for Medical Research
- NHS England
- Princeton University
- Rockefeller University
- TIGR
- TSRI
- Tufts University
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
- University of Wisconsin
- World Health Organization
- Yale University
12Summary of talk
- What is Open Access publishing and why is it
necessary? - The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access
publisher - The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving
133 categories of journals published by BioMed
Central
- BMC series of online journals
- Policy to accept all sound research, and to
editorially highlight the best - Scientist-run online journals
- Editorial board determines acceptance policy
- Print/online journals
- Highly selective
14BMC series of online journals
- BMC Biochemistry
- BMC Bioinformatics
- BMC Biotechnology
- BMC Cell Biology
- BMC Chemical Biology
- BMC Developmental Biology
- BMC Ecology
- BMC Evolutionary Biology
- BMC Genetics
- BMC Genomics
- BMC Immunology
- BMC Microbiology
- BMC Molecular Biology
- BMC Neuroscience
- BMC Pharmacology
- BMC Physiology
- BMC Plant Biology
- BMC Structural Biology
- BMC Anesthesiology
- BMC Blood Disorders
- BMC Cancer
- BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
- BMC Clinical Pathology
- BMC Clinical Pharmacology
- BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- BMC Dermatology
- BMC Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders
- BMC Emergency Medicine
- BMC Endocrine Disorders
- BMC Family Practice
- BMC Gastroenterology
- BMC Geriatrics
- BMC Health Services Research
- BMC Infectious Diseases
- BMC International Health and Human Rights
- BMC Medical Education
- BMC Medical Ethics
- BMC Medical Imaging
- BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making
- BMC Medical Research Methodology
- BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
- BMC Nephrology
- BMC Neurology
- BMC Nuclear Medicine
- BMC Nursing
- BMC Ophthalmology
- BMC Oral Health
- BMC Palliative Care
- BMC Pediatrics
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- BMC Psychiatry
- BMC Public Health
- BMC Pulmonary Medicine
- BMC Surgery
- BMC Urology
- BMC Women's Health
15BMC Cancer
16Two new BMC-series journals
- Will publish research of broad interest
17Scientist-run online journals
45 such journals started so far, including
18Malaria Journal
19La crème de la crème
20La crème de la crème
21Growth of BioMed Central
22Facts and figures
- 3700 Open Access research articles published
- 2144 in BMC online journal series
- 1158 in scientist-run online journals
- 650 in print/online journals
- Full text article accesses to date
- 7,000,000 (excluding mirrors)
23Open access leads to high visibility
- Indexing/Linking
- PubMed
- MEDLINE
- ISI
- BIOSIS
- CAS
- CrossRef
- Scirus
- Open Archive Initiative
- Citebase
- Google
- Archiving
- PubMed Central
- INIST
- LOCKSS
- Max Planck
- OhioLINK
24Open Access and citation impact
25Summary of talk
- What is Open Access publishing and why is it
necessary? - The growth of BioMed Central as an Open Access
publisher - The benefits of Open Access for Digital Archiving
26OAI interface
- BioMed Central has operated an OAI interface
(Open Archives Initiative Metadata Harvesting
Protocol) since June 2001 - The following metadata formats are offered for
all articles - oai_dc (standard Dublin Core XML)
- bmc_bibl (BioMed Centrals own XML)
- bmc_references (article reference list XML)
- In addition, for Open Access articles, full text
XML is available - bmc_article
- More info http//www.biomedcentral.com/info/libra
ries/oai/
27Data feeds to mirror sites and other archives
- Automated nightly feed goes to
- PubMed Central
- OhioLINK
- INIST/CNRS
- Max Planck (Universität Potsdam)
- your name here
28Data mining
http//www.biomedcentral.com/info/about/datamining
- Entire corpus of full text XML downloadable by
ftp as a single zip file - Various groups working with the data
- Pre-BIND (automatic extraction of protein binding
information from full text) - BioLINK text mining competition
- Standard NLM archiving/interchange DTD will help
data miners
29Conclusions
- Open Access publishing is rapidly gaining
momentum - It can make life much simpler for digital
archives - It facilitates the smooth flow of scientific
research information - It encourages the development of innovative tools
for mining and navigating that information