SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING

1
SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING ACADEMIC RESOURCES
COALITION SPARC EUROPE

• The Next Information Revolution Can
  Institutional Repositories and Open Access
  Transform Scholarly Communications?
• David Prosser SPARC Europe Director
• (david.prosser_at_bodley.ox.ac.uk)

2
The Global Journals Problem

• UK 1989-99
• Journals unit cost 364
• Faculty salaries 60

Australia 1986-98 Serials unit cost 474 Serials
expenditure 263 Titles purchased - 37
3
The Situation Today

• Dissatisfaction with the current scholarly
  communication model
• Even the wealthiest institution cannot purchase
  access to all the information that all of its
  researchers require
• Many publishers charge extra for online access
  so causing more pressure on budgets
• Site-licenses and consortia deals have helped,
  but mainly in the richest countries

4
Past Library Strategies

• Journal cancellations reduced book acquisitions
• Improved document delivery
• Cooperative collection development
• Consortial purchasing national site licensing
• The underlying problem persists.

5
Aggregated system

• Scholarly publishing comprises four functions
• Current model
• integrates these functions in journals

6
Unlocking opportunities

• Opportunities for expanded access and new uses
  offered by
• ever-expanding networking
• evolving digital publishing technologies and
  business models
• Better ways to handle increasing volume of
  research generated
• Technology offers the chance for research and
  library communities to take back control of
  scholarly communication

7
What are institutional repositories?

• Essential elements
• Institutionally defined Content generated by
  institutional community
• Scholarly content preprints and working papers,
  published articles, enduring teaching materials,
  student theses, data-sets, etc.
• Cumulative perpetual preserve ongoing access
  to material
• Interoperable open access free, online, global

8
Why institutional repositories?

• For the Individual
• Provide a central archive of their work
• Increase the dissemination and impact of their
  research
• Acts as a full CV
• For the Institution
• Increases visibility and prestige
• Acts as an advertisement to funding sources,
  potential new faculty and students, etc.
• For Society
• Provide access to the worlds research
• Ensures long-term preservation of institutes
  academic output

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The Four Functions
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Certification

• Certification gives
• Authors Validation of their work (important for
  promotion and grant applications)
• Readers Quality filter
• Journals would provide peer review services for a
  sub-set of the material in the Institutional
  Repositories
• The journals would give a quality stamp to the
  research presented in the Repositories
• Journals should be open access

11
Open Access

• What is it?
• Call for free, unrestricted access on the
  public internet to the literature that scholars
  give to the world without expectation of payment.
• Why?
• Widen dissemination, accelerate research, enrich
  education, share learning among rich poor
  nations, enhance return on taxpayer investment in
  research.
• How?
• Use existing funds to pay for dissemination, not
  access.

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Theory Into Practice- Institutional Repositories

• Eprints.org Southampton produced software
• D-Space MIT
• CDSWare CERN
• SHERPA UK
• DARE The Netherlands
• SPARC Resources
• (http//www.arl.org/sparc/core/index.asp?pagem0)
  

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Theory Into Practice- Institutional Repositories
Australia National University Universite de Montreal
Aalborg University Universitat Essen
Universitat Stuttgart Utrecht University
Lunds Universitet CERN
National University of Ireland University of Bath
University of Glasgow University of Nottingham
California Digital Library Caltech
MIT Academy of Sciences, Belarus
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Theory Into Practice- Open Access

• SPARC open access journal partners
• Algebraic and Geometric Topology
• BioMed Central
• Documenta Mathematica
• Calif. Digital Library eScholarship
• Geometry Topology
• Journal of Insect Science
• Journal of Machine Learning Research
• New Journal of Physics

15
Theory Into Practice- Open Access

• Two new journals from the Public Library of
  Science
• PLoS Biology and PLoS Medicine
• Indian Academy of Sciences has made their 11
  journals available free online
• Lund Directory of Open Access Journals
  (http//www.doaj.org/) about 350 peer-reviewed
  open access journals

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What Libraries Can Do

• Self-archiving
• Maintain institutional repository.
• Help faculty archive their research papers, new
  old, digitizing if necessary.
• Open-access journals
• Help open access journals launched at your
  institution become known to other libraries,
  indexing services, potential funders, and
  potential readers.

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What Libraries Can Do

• Make sure scholars at your institution know how
  to find open access journals and archives in
  their fields. Set up tools to allow them to
  access these.
• As open access journals proliferate, and as their
  usage and impact grow, cancel over-priced
  journals that do not measure up.
• Engage with Government agencies regarding mergers
• Familiarize yourself with the issues see Create
  Change at ltwww.createchange.orggt.
• Support SPARC Europe to multiply your effort.

18
Theory Into Practice- Building Momentum

• Increasing numbers of libraries are taking on
  role of hosts for institutional repositories
• More open access journals prove the feasibility
  of the business model
• Increasing awareness of authors of need to retain
  their publishing rights
• Increasing awareness amongst funding bodies of
  publishing issues
• Entry level for new players reduced
• Membership of SPARC Europe increasing

19
SPARC Europe

• Scholarly Publishing Academic Resources
  Coalition
• Formed in 2002 under the auspices of LIBER
  following the success of SPARC (launched in 1998
  by the US Association of Research Libraries)
• Encourages partnership between libraries,
  academics, societies and responsible publishers
• Currently focused on STM, but coverage expanding
• Has over 50 members and is growing
• By acting together the members can influence the
  future of scholarly publishing

20
SPARC Europe Linking Advocacy Action

• Alternative vehicles for editorial boards
• Head-to-head competition with high-priced journals

• Broad-scale aggregation, integration
• Community control of broad channels
• Collaboration among scientists/ societies and
  institutions

• Innovative business models
• Alternatives to institutional subscription-based
  journal economy

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Measures of Success

• SPARC supported projects are financially viable
  and significantly less expensive
• SPARC supported products are attracting quality
  authors and editors
• New players have entered the STM marketplace
  (SPARC partners and others)
• Created an environment where editorial boards are
  emboldened to take action
• STM journal price increases have moderated
• New models are gaining acceptance

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Create Change!
Although the battle is being fought over
subscription prices, what is really at stake...is
the scientific process itself. New York Times,
Dec. 8, 1998 An old tradition and a new
technology have converged to make possible an
unprecedented public good. Budapest Open Access
Initiative, Feb. 14, 2002 Contact SPARC Europe
david.prosser_at_bodley.ox.ac.uk