Organic Chemistry

1
Organic Chemistry
2
Carbon Its Everywhere

• Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry based
  on the chemistry of carbon
• Before the 19th century, it was thought that only
  living things were made of and could produce
  organic compounds
• The first organic compound was synthesized from
  inorganic materials in 1828

3
Carbon Its Everywhere

• There are 16 million known carbon-containing
  molecules
• Every living thing contains carbon
• Carbon based molecules include
• Plastics, polymers nylons
• Fats, proteins and carbohydrates
• Oil, gas, and fossil fuels
• Plants, wood, paper products
• Drugs medicines
• Graphite diamond

4
Why carbon?

• There are over 100 naturally occurring elements
  why are so many things based on carbon?
• Carbons unique chemistry makes it suitable to
  bond with just about anything

5
Carbons structure

• Carbon has 6 total electrons, 4 of them in its
  outer (valence) shell
• remember valence electrons are bonding electrons!

6
Carbons structure

• Because carbon has four valence electrons, it can
  form four bonds to other atoms, like hydrogen

H
C
H
H
H
7
Carbons Structure

• The 3D molecular geometry of carbon also
  contributes to its ubiquitous nature

8
Carbons Structure

• Carbon forms stable single, double, even triple
  bonds
• H H
• HCCH
• H H
• H H
• CC HC CH
• H H