The Progressive Era

1
The Progressive Era

• Section 1
• The Origins of Progressivism
• GET YOUR CLICKERS!!

2
Four Goals of Progressivism

• Progressives aimed to return control of the
  government to the people, restore economic
  opportunities and correct injustices in American
  life
• To do this, they had 4 goals

3
Four Goals of Progressivism

• Protecting Social Welfare
• Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other
  reform groups
• Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for
  women, children
• helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting
  womens hours with Illinois Factory Act

4
Four Goals of Progressivism

• Promoting Moral Improvement
• Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving
  own behavior
• Prohibitionbanning of alcoholic drinks
• Womans Christian Temperance Union spearheads
  prohibition crusade
• Carry Nation destroyed kegs of whiskey

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Four Goals of Progressivism

• Creating Economic Reform
• 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism many
  become socialists
• Muckrakers journalists who expose corruption in
  politics, business
• Ida Tarbell exposed the Standard Oil Cos
  cutthroat strategies to eliminate competition

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Four Goals of Progressivism

• Fostering Efficiency
• Many use experts, science to make society,
  workplace more efficient
• Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists data in
  trial Brandeis Briefs
• Scientific management time and motion studies
  applied to workplace
• Assembly lines speed up production, make people
  work like machines
• cause high worker turnover

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Four Goals of Progressivism

• Fostering Efficiency
• Frederick W. Taylor used a stopwatch
  to time motions of employees
  to shorten wasted time
• Henry Ford increased efficiency by paying his
  employees more - 5 per day

8
Who exposed the unethical activities of Standard
Oil?

• A John Rockefeller
• B Frederick Taylor
• C Louis Brandeis
• D - Ida Tarbell
• E Cary Nation

9
Who became an efficiency expert, timing workers
movements?

• A John Rockefeller
• B Frederick Taylor
• C Louis Brandeis
• D - Ida Tarbell
• E Cary Nation

10
Who was a prohibitionist who destroyed liquor
bottles and beer?

• A John Rockefeller
• B Frederick Taylor
• C Louis Brandeis
• D - Ida Tarbell
• E Cary Nation

11
Who used scientific data in his legal cases
against industries?

• A Henry Ford
• B Frederick Taylor
• C Louis Brandeis
• D - Ida Tarbell
• E Cary Nation

12
Reforming Local Governments

• Natural disasters played an important role in
  reforming local governments
• Hurricanes and floods tested local authority and
  put trained people in city positions
• Progressive mayors implemented change on the
  local level

13
Reforming child labor laws

• Fighting Bob LaFollette, WI, served 3 terms as
  governor
• Caused the demise of political machines
• Took political control away from businesses
• James Hogg, TX, took on railroad rates in his
  state
• (He named his daughters Ima and Ura)

14
Reforming work hours

• Muller v. Oregon, 1908 Louis Brandeis looked at
  scientific data and argued (and won) that women
  should limit women to a 10 hr day
• Bunting v. Oregon, 1917 ordered a 10 hr workday
  for men
• Progressives also received compensation for
  workers killed or injured on the job

15
Reforming elections

• Initiative method where voters could compel
  legislature to consider a bill
• Referendum method that allowed citizens to vote
  on proposed laws
• Recall enabled voters to remove politician from
  office

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Reforming elections

• Direct election of senators up to this time,
  the people elected House of Representatives
  members
• The House members then chose the senators for
  each state
• The 17th Amendment allows for direct election of
  senators

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The Progressive Era

• Section 2
• Women in Public Life

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Women in the workforce

• Women on the farm saw their lives change little
  in 100 years
• They continued to do all the housework and
  childrearing, and often, farm labor as well

20
Women in the workforce

• Women in the cities took jobs as pay increased
• Most were secretarial, teaching, nursing or
  telephone operators
• They paid about half as much as men and could not
  join a union

21
Women in the workforce

• Women without skills took jobs as domestics
  maids, cooks, laundry workers
• Most of this work was done by immigrants and
  black women

22
Women reformers

• Many of the women who sought more rights for
  women were college educated
• Vassar, Smith and Wellesley were the first to
  accept women

23
Women reformers

• African American women founded the NACW (National
  Assoc. for Colored Women) and promoted education
• Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  joined with Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe for
  womens suffrage

24
Women reformers

• Many men and the liquor industry opposed womens
  suffrage

25
The Progressive Era

• Section 3
• Teddy Roosevelts Square Deal

26
Teddy Roosevelt

• Roosevelt became president after Pres. McKinley
  was assassinated.
• The Republican Party chose him to be VP to keep
  him out of any policy-making office

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Teddy Roosevelt

• Roosevelt was born into a wealthy
  NY family, attended Harvard and
  was the former governor of New
  York
• He was the hero of the Spanish American War
  after leading his Rough Riders up San
  Juan Hill in Cuba

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Teddy Roosevelt

• TR used the presidency to influence his bully
  pulpit
• After settling a coal strike through arbitration,
  he stated that we wanted a square deal for all
  Americans
• One of the first targets of his reform was the
  trusts

29
Teddy Roosevelt

• Using the weak Sherman Antitrust Act, TR took on
  the railroads with a suit against the Northern
  Securities Company
• The USSC dissolved the trust
• TR filed 44 more suits

30
Teddy Roosevelt

• He saw the passage of the Meat Inspection Act
  after The Jungle was published, exposing the
  filthy practices of the beef monopolies

31
Teddy Roosevelt

• Medicine and food had no restrictions on
  ingredients or restrictions on claims
  of what they could cure
• The Pure Food and Drug Act
  demanded truth in labeling

32
Teddy Roosevelt

• TR set aside land for the future

33
Teddy Roosevelt

• In 1905, TR appointed Gifford Pinchot as head of
  the US Forest Service

34
Teddy Roosevelt

• TR made little headway in recognizing civil
  rights for African Americans
• Appointing some to federal positions, he backed
  down at almost every opportunity to offer
  equality to all

35
Teddy Roosevelt

• W.E.B. DuBois met in Niagara to form the Niagara
  Movement, demanding equality
• The group became the NAACP, the National Assoc.
  for the Advancement of Colored People

36
Teddy Roosevelt

• TR is known for his saying,
  speak softly and carry a big
  stick.
• He ordered the new navy, the Great White Fleet,
  on a round the world mission to show our new
  muscle
• He was also responsible for the construction of
  the Panama Canal

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Who were the muckrakers?

• Ida Tarbel The History of Standard Oil
  (railroad corruption)
• Lincoln Steffens The Same of the Cities and
  Tweed Days in St. Louis (government corruption)
• Upton Sinclair The Jungle (meatpacking
  industry)

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The Progressive Era

• Section 4
• Progressivism Under Taft

39
William howard taft

• TR promised not to run for re-election in 1904
  but campaigned for his VP, Taft, as someone just
  like himself
• Taft proved himself to be
  very different
  from TR

40
William howard taft

• Taft ran on the platform of lowering tariffs
• Instead, he signed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff and
  then bragged about it

41
William howard taft

• Next he appointed Richard Ballinger as Sec. of
  the Interior who disapproved of land conservation
• Pinchot accused Ballinger of caving into special
  interests for profits
• Taft sided with Ballinger

42
William howard taft

• The Republican Party split over Tafts actions
  with Speaker of the House Joe Cannon
• Cannon weakens the Progressive agenda, causing
  some Progressives to ally with the Democrats

43
William howard taft

• In the mid-term elections of 1910, Democrats took
  many Republican seats
• The Republicans still re-nominated Taft in 1912

44
William howard taft

• TR fought, and lost, for the Republican
  nomination
• He formed his own splinter party, the Bull Moose
  Party.
• By splitting the Republican voting bloc,
  Democrats smelled victory
• They nominate Woodrow Wilson

45
Election of 1912

• The Republicans ran an ugly campaign filled with
  name-calling
• fathead dangerous egotist
• brain of a guinea pig
• Wilson let them do his dirty work

46
Woodrow wilson

• Wilson does not receive a majority (plurality)
  but receives enough electoral votes to win

47
Socialist, Eugene DebsTaft and TR split the
Rep. VoteWilson wins
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The Progressive Era

• Section 5
• Wilsons New Freedom

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Woodrow wilson new freedom

• Wilson too was a progressive president but having
  different ideas how to give people more power
• Wilson was deeply religious, a lawyer and former
  president of Princeton University
• As the governor of NJ, he supported many
  progressive ideas

50
Woodrow wilson new freedom

• To strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act, Wilson
  pushed for the Clayton Antitrust Act which
  prohibited a merger if it developed into a
  monopoly
• This did not apply to farmers or unions

51
Woodrow wilson new freedom

• Wilson established the Federal Trade Commission
  to investigate industry for unlawful activity
• He reduced tariffs under the Underwood Act, 1913
• To replace the revenue, he earners

52
Woodrow wilson new freedom

• The average family made about 1500 year
• The minimum income to warrant a tax was 4000
  and people bragged about having to pay it
• By 1917 the revenue from income surpassed
  that of the tariffs

53
Woodrow wilson new freedom

• Federal Reserve System to regulate Americas
  banking system and,hopefully, to avoid
  depressions like the one in 1893, Wilson
  established the FED
• It required bank inspections and regulates the
  amount of money in our economy

54
Woodrow wilson new freedom

• The Wilson administration saw the passage of the
  19th Amendment in 1919 giving women the right to
  vote
• Carrie Chapman Catt took Anthonys place in the
  fight
• Emmeline Pankhurst heckled
  government officials

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Woodrow wilson new freedom

• Wilson returned to his southern roots with his
  attitude towards African Americans
• He fired all blacks in the White House and
  enforced segregation in all federal jobs

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Woodrow wilson new freedom

• Wilson ran for re-election in 1916 with the
  slogan, He kept us out of the war.
• America did not want to become involved in
  Europes war and he was re-elected

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Other changes in america

• Architecture away from the ornate designs of
  the gilded age and more streamlined like those
  designed by Frank Lloyd Wright