Submitted by:

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Winds

• Submitted by
• Rami Shasha
• Travis Dawson
• Jackie Schulthies

Submitted to Mr.Halpin
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Table Of Contents
Slide 1 Introduction Slide 2
Table of Contents Slide 3
What are winds? Slide 4-8
Chinook Winds Slide 9-13 Katabatic
Winds Slide 14-21 Dust Storms Slide
22-25 Sirocco Winds Page 25-29
Mistral Winds
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So what are Winds?

• Winds are a movement of air in the atmosphere.

• Many winds are formed similarly, but because of
  the regions which they blow in, their effects can
  be different, and many of them, though quite like
  each other, are described by different names.

• The 5 types of winds are
• Chinook
• Katabatic
• Dust Storms
• Sirocco
• Mistral

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Chinook Winds

• The Chinook winds are caused by moist weather
  patterns, originating off the Pacific coast,
  cooling as they climb the western slopes, and
  then rapidly warming as they drop down the
  eastern side of the mountains. The Chinook
  usually begins with a sudden change in wind
  direction towards the west or southwest, and a
  rapid increase in wind speed.
• Chinook winds occurs during the midpoint of
  winter.
• Area of the world that Chinook Winds are most
  common are at areas with mountains(slopes). A
  prime example is British Colombia. The Chinook
  winds are least likely to occur in areas that
  contain no mountains such as Ottawa for example.
  The reason of this is because in order for
  Chinook Winds to be formed, air must rise over
  some form of mountain, and if it is not existent
  in Ottawa, then Chinook winds would not be found
  there.

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Chinook Winds

• Chinook Winds have never occurred in our area
  before. The reason of this is because of the fact
  that Windsor simply has no mountains, or high
  elevation for air to rise on, to form these types
  of winds.

• This wind recently occurred on January of 1996,
  as Pennsylvania suffered severe flooding when
  over two feet of snow melted in two days.

• Other areas where this wind has occurred are in
  Calgary.
• On Jan. 11, 1983, the temperature in Calgary rose
  30C (from 17C to 13C) in 4 hours.
• As well, on February 7, 1964, the temperature
  rose 28?C (51?F?), and the humidity dropped by 43
  percent.

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Recent studies suggest that Chinook winds rolling
off the mountains can damage aircraft at cruising
altitudes by generating turbulence powerful
enough to rip an engine from a jet.
Are
For many living under the Chinook influence, its
winds bring debiltaing physical effects ranging
from sleepness to anxiety and severe migraine
headaches.
Chinook
On February 25, 1986, a Chinook descended on
Lethbridge, Alberta with winds gusting to 166
km/h (104 mph). It fully removed a snow pack of
107 cm (42 inches) in depth in eight hours.
Lethbridge was left with substantial wind damage
and new lakes standing in the surrounding fields
and pastures.
Winds
Can be a great danger to plants. Many trees, like
white birch cannot survive the rapid
temperature fluctuations.
DESTRUCTIVE ?
If the temperature drops rapidly following a
Chinook, a crust of ice may form on the snow
which makes grazing difficult and may result in
injuries to animals legs.
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• Chinooks can happen year round, although the
  warming conditions is more apparent in colder
  weather. A Chinook can last less than an hour or
  for several days.

Chinook Winds

• Factors of weather that interact to produce such
  an event
• are warm airs coming from the oceans.

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• Chinook Winds are also referred to as snow
  eaters.
• When a Chinook blows in, temperatures can rise
  dramatically and snow seems to disappear in front
  of your eyes.
• Chinook winds blow from the south or southwest
  and can reach speeds over 150 km/h.
• The greatest Chinook temperature jump ever
  recorded occurred on January 22, 1943, when a
  Chinook shot the temperature in Spearfish, South
  Dakota, from a chilling minus 4oF (-20oC) at 730
  AM to 47oF (8.3oC) just two minutes later! Also,
  in Pincher Creek, Alberta, a Chinook jacked the
  temperature 21 Celsius degrees (37.8 F degrees)
  in four minutes on January 6, 1966.
• They form Red Belts(a belt of evergreens with
  dead foliage). The dried out needles take on a
  reddish tinge and from a distance the damage is
  clearly visible.

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Katabatic Winds

• Katabatic wind is is the generic term for down
  slope winds flowing from high elevations of
  mountains, plateaus, and hills down their slopes
  to the valleys or planes below.
• The cold dense mass of air that slides down a
  mountainside under gravity.
• If the wind is warm, it is called a foehn if
  cold, it is called a bora.
• Warm, dry katabatic winds(foehn) occur on the lee
  side of a mountain range situated in the path of
  a depression. They are examples of Chinook winds.
• Cold and usually dry katabatic winds(Bora),
  result from the down slope gravity flow of cold,
  dense air.
• Although there are two kinds, the term katabatic
  wind usually refers to the cold variant.

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Warm, Katabatic winds (foehn winds)
Katabatic Winds
Cold, Katabatic winds (Bora winds)
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Katabatic Winds

• Katbatic winds occur during the winter time.
• Windsor, although located in the north, has never
  experienced Katabatic Winds. The reason of this
  is because Windsor has no mountains, and if you
  have an area with no mountains, cold air cannot
  slide down and form these winds!
• Katabatic winds occur in areas that contain
  mountains, like in the Rocky mountains in British
  Colombia.
• They least occur in areas that are flat, that do
  not contain mountains.
• Recent occurrences of Katabatic winds are in the
  Antarctic regions, where they are always found.

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Potentional
One example of damages that can be caused by
these winds occurred in 1960, when strong
Katabatic Winds suddenly tore into Mawson Station
where an aircraft was parked. The winds totally
destroyed the large single engine Beaver aircraft
along with the station.
Can create Avalanches between 100-2000 ft tall,
and instead of moving at 70 mph, this avalanche
can move at 190 mph. The effects of this
avalanche can be disastrous on the ill prepared
or ill equipped.
for
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Interesting facts

• In Europe, these katabatic winds are generally
  quite light, in the order of five to ten mph, but
  around the world they can be very much stronger.

• Strongest Katabatic wind are the winds located in
  the Antarctic. These Antarctic winds have been
  measured at over 200 mph and are some of the
  strongest winds measured on our planet at ground
  level, outside those in some tornadoes.

• The katabatic wind in Antarctica is the most
  powerful wind in the world.

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• Dust Storms are severe windstorms that sweep
  clouds of dust across an extensive area,
  especially in an arid region.

Dust
Storms

• A dust storm is created whenever strong
• turbulent winds pick up loose dirt and
• sand particles in such quantity as to
• reduce visibility seriously.

Dust storms can be expected during the afternoons
of hot summer days when "thunderhead" clouds are
seen. They generally result from thunderstorm
activity which originates in the southeastern
part of the stateor in Mexico, and become
hazardous to traffic as they move northwest
toward the metropolitan area.

• They are most common in hot areas, especially
  near the equator. Such countries include Africa,
  southern America, Iraq, Afghanistan, and many
  more!

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There have not been any recent occurrences in
our area. The reason of this is because of the
fact that Windsor is not a very warm area.
Dust Storms
Recent example of Dust storms occurred in
Lubbock, Texas on December, 15, 2003.
Also, on the evening of 24 April 1980, Iran
experienced a haboob, a dust storm generated by a
convective Downburst. During the Thanksgiving
weekend of 1991, blowing dust along Interstate-5
in the San Joaquin Valley in California reduced
the visibility to near zero. As well, Dust storm
occured in 1935 in Spearman, Texas
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Dust Storm Damage

• Here are the areas that were struck by these
  storms in America.

A
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Dust Storm Destruction
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Potentional for
Destruction
Destruction

• Is able to destroy anything that gets into its
  way, like shown on the pictures.
• Is able to reduce visibility to zero.
• Creates many car accidents because of lack of
  vision.
• During the Thanksgiving weekend of 1991, blowing
  dust along Interstate-5 in the San Joaquin Valley
  in California reduced the visibility to near
  zero. Consequently, at least 164 vehicles and 349
  people were involved in collisions, resulting in
  17 deaths and 151 injuries.
• In addition, Dust Storms may cause breathing
  vision problems.
• The dust from these storms can cause respiratory
  failures in animals, including humans.

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Dust Storms

• The frequency of occurrence of these Dust Storms
  really depends on the location. For example, the
  frequency of occurrence of Dust storms in areas
  near the equator will be really high, while areas
  in the far north, will barely experience these
  storms, because of their cold locations.

• Factors of weather that interact to produce this
  event are drought, poor farming, grazing
  practices, and wind.

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Interesting Facts

• Dust Storms have the appearance of solid walls of
  dust and can be seen approaching from some
  distance.
• Dust Storms exist in Mars as well. Only 10 global
  or planet-encircling dust storms have been
  reported since 1877.

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Intresting Facts
Things you should do...
when dust storms occur while you are driving!

• Reduce speed and turn on driving lights. If you
  are on a freeway, leave the freeway at an exit
  ramp, if possible. If dust becomes so intense
  that you cannot see 300 feet (the length of a
  football field) PULL OFF THE ROADWAY -- even as
  far as the right-of-way fence. Do not stop on the
  traveled portion of the roadway. After stopping,
  TURN OFF DRIVING LIGHTS. Wait until visibility is
  at least 300 feet before re-entering the roadway.
  Be prepared to pull off the road and stop if
  visibility drops again. Heavy rain may follow the
  dust storm. Watch for flooded highway dips even
  though it may not have rained where you have
  been.
• ANOTHER NOTE High winds cause dry "tumbleweeds"
  to break away from their roots and roll across
  the countryside. They are light masses of small,
  brittle stems and are not hazardous to
  automobiles. DO NOT take evasive action to avoid
  tumbleweeds. By so doing, you endanger yourself
  and other traffic.

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Sirocco Winds

• Sirocco winds are hot humid south or southeast
  winds of southern Italy, Sicily, and
• Mediterranean islands, originating in the Sahara
  Desert as a dry dusty wind but
• becoming moist as it passes over the
  Mediterranean.
• Siroccos occur as a result of surface and upper
  level depressions moving eastward
• across the southern Mediterranean Sea or north
  Africa.
• The Sirocco tends to occur year-round, but tends
  to occur the most during the spring.
• It is most common in areas like the northern
  coast of Africa, in the Mediterranean sea,
• and in Europe. It is least common in areas like
  northern America, and Canada, because
• they are too cold for these winds.

• Sirocco winds are hot humid south or southeast
  winds of southern Italy, Sicily, and
• Mediterranean islands, originating in the Sahara
  Desert as a dry dusty wind but
• becoming moist as it passes over the
  Mediterranean.
• Siroccos occur as a result of surface and upper
  level depressions moving eastward
• across the southern Mediterranean Sea or north
  Africa.
• The Sirocco tends to occur year-round, but tends
  to occur the most during the spring.
• It is most common in areas like the northern
  coast of Africa, in the Mediterranean sea,
• and in Europe. It is least common in areas like
  northern America, and Canada, because
• they are too cold for these winds.

• Sirocco winds are hot humid south or southeast
  winds of southern Italy, Sicily, and
• Mediterranean islands, originating in the Sahara
  Desert as a dry dusty wind but
• becoming moist as it passes over the
  Mediterranean.
• Siroccos occur as a result of surface and upper
  level depressions moving eastward
• across the southern Mediterranean Sea or north
  Africa.
• The Sirocco tends to occur year-round, but tends
  to occur the most during the spring.
• It is most common in areas like the northern
  coast of Africa, in the Mediterranean sea,
• and in Europe. It is least common in areas like
  northern America, and Canada, because
• they are too cold for these winds.

• Sirocco winds are hot humid south or southeast
  winds of southern Italy, Sicily, and
• Mediterranean islands, originating in the Sahara
  Desert as a dry dusty wind but
• becoming moist as it passes over the
  Mediterranean.
• Siroccos occur as a result of surface and upper
  level depressions moving eastward
• across the southern Mediterranean Sea or north
  Africa.
• The Sirocco mostly occurs during the springtime -
  from February to July - but also can
• develop in other times of the year.It is most
  common in areas like the northern coast of
• Africa, in the Mediterranean sea, and in Europe.
  It is least common in areas like
• northern America, and Canada, because they are
  too cold for these winds.

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Sirocco Winds

• These winds have never occurred in our area
  because Windsor is not hot enough for these
  winds, as it is located in the north.
• Recent examples of Sirocco winds are their
  occurrence in Italy last year, during the spring.

Is it destructive?

• Along the northern African coast the hot air
  originates directly from the Sahara desert
  producing hot, dry and dusty conditions.
  Visibility becomes very poor and the fine blowing
  dust might result in damage to instruments and
  equipment. On rare occasions the Sirocco is
  picking up enough dust and sand to produce even
  sandstorms!
• Sirocco also can affect health. The sudden change
  of temperature and humidity can be very
  depressing for a lot of people causing headaches
  and sleeping problems  
• People have reported various symptoms such as an
  unwonted dulness, an aching melancholy feeling,
  enervation, being easily annoyed, and having
  irritating dreams. The wind incites depression
  both when it blows with force and when it is a
  mere exhalation rather than a strong wind. It can
  easily affect anyone visiting the areas where the
  wind blows, unaware of the cause of their mental
  misery.

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Sirocco Winds

• It often occurs all year long, especially in hot
  areas, and they occur the most during the spring
  times.
• Factors of weather that interact to produce this
  wind are warm, dry, tropical air mass that is
  pulled northward by low pressure cells moving
  eastward across the Mediterranean Sea.

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Intresting Facts

• The Sirocco wind has different names in different
  regions. Chergui AlgeriaGhibli LibyaChamsin
  EgyptSharkiye JordanLeveche Spain
• Levanto Canary Islands, where the wind is
  Southeast.
• The term Sirocco is sometimes also spelled as
  Scirocco.
• The speed of these winds can reach up to 100
  km/h.
• The term Sirocco is an Italian word.
• The sirocco reaching the south of France contains
  more moisture and is known as the marin.
• Differing from the Bora, the Sirocco its not
  sudden and tempestuous.

ghf
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Mistral Wind

• Mistral winds are strong, cold, dry and squally
  northerly wind that blows offshore with great
  frequency along the Mediterranean coast from
  northern Spain to northern Italy, and that is
  particularly frequent in thlower Rhone valley in
  south-eastern France blowing way-out into the
  Golf du Lion.
• In the case of the Mistral, air is cooled above
  the Massif Central, the central plateau of
  France, and the Pyrenees. It then flows down into
  the Garonne valley, because its density is higher
  than that of the surrounding air. The presence of
  Garonne and Rhone valley creates a funnel effect,
  speeding up the current towards the Gulf.
• They are formed when a depression is forming in
  the Gulf of Genoa to the east of a ridge of high
  pressure
• They are usually located in cold, northern areas
  like northern Italy, and south-eastern France,
  and are least likely to be found in hot areas
  like south Africa.
• No, Mistral Winds have never occurred in our area.

These winds may affect the weather in North
Africa, Sicily and Malta or throughout the
Mediterranean sea, particularly when low pressure
systems form in the Gulf of Genoa.
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Mistral Winds

• Mistral Winds recently hit Naples, Italy in the
  spring of 2001.
• Factors of weather that help to form these events
  are the cold air from the oceans.
• It often takes place the most during winter
  times, or spring, where it is the most violent.

The destruction!

• The mistral winds cause migraine and insomnia
• Can create so much depression, that may result in
  acts of suicide!
• Like the dust storms, the Mistral blows dust in
  your eyes and leaves your teeth gritty with sand.
• Can create forest fires as well. Summer dry
  conditions and Mistral combine to create these
  fires.

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Intresting facts

• The mistral might easily reach a speed of 130kph
  (75 knots) over the Rhone delta, compared with
  the typical 40 knots experienced along the coast.
  
• It is most violent in winter and spring and its
  strength is increased by the funneling effect of
  the Rhone valley.
• Mistral winds are considered the most dangerous
  of all Mediterranean winds because of their high
  speeds and persistence.
• Mistral winds are example of a Katabatic wind.

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THE END
Thank-You!!