CE 350 Introduction to Transportation Planning

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CE 350Introduction to Transportation Planning

• Chapter 16
• Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities

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Lecture Objectives

• Discuss what the latest references are for
  bicycle and pedestrian accommodations
• Look at national level references
• Look at local level references

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Goals for Bicycle and Walking
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US DOT Goals
Where does this come from?

• Double the of total trips made by biking and
  walking
• From 7.9 to 15.8
• Reduce by 10 the number of bicyclist and
  pedestrians killed and injured annually

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24 Case Studies
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And a Final Report

• Bicycling and walking in the U.S. Today
• Federal Action Plan
• State and Local Action Plans
• State and Local Programs

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What Are The Results of These Studies?
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Bicycle Travel Demand Analysis
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Iowa Statewide Plan
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Ames Bike Plan
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An Iowa Initiative
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Bicycle and PedestrianPlanning theory
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What to Consider?

• Provide balance among transportation modes
• Analysis travel demand and LOS
• Land Use
• Education and enforcement

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Plan Contents

• Connecting people with trails
• Creating your community bicycle and pedestrian
  plan
• Six step process
• Designing the networks
• References

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Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation Planning
Studies
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This is What We Consider

• Statewide Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan
• Local Bicycle Network Plan
• Local Pedestrian Plans
• Bicycle Travel Demand Analysis
• Bicycle Route Suitability Analysis

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Bicycle Route Suitability Analysis
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Bicycle Compatibility IndexThe Planning
PhaseforOn-Road Facilities
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Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI)

• First step is to see if the proposed location is
  a good fit with the rest of the environment
• The BCI guides us in
• evaluating existing facilities
• determining possible improvements
• selecting operational and geometric requirements
  for new facilities.

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BCI

• The model is sensitive to
• Presence or absence of bicycle lane
• Presence or absence paved shoulder
• Vehicular volumes
• Vehicular speeds

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BCI

• Predicts the overall comfort level rating for a
  bicyclist.
• The ratings are from 1 to 6
• 1 being "extremely comfortable"
• 6 being "extremely uncomfortable"

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Data Required

• Bike lane
• Bike lane wdth
• Curb lane width
• Curb lane volume
• Other lanes volumes
• 85 speed

• Parking
• Area
• Residential
• Other
• Truck Volumes
• Parking turnover
• Right-turn volumes

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Data Sheet
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Bicycle Facility Design
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When Designing

• Know operating characteristics of bicyclist
• Follow design guidelines and standards
• Make sure transitions areas are clear
• Address the needs for
• Additional operating space
• Existing spot hazards
• Ongoing maintenance

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Reference Documents

• AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle
  Facilities http//www.wsdot.wa.gov/TA/PA
• Iowa Trails 2000 Design Guidelines
  http//www.dot.state.ia.us/CHPT04-index.html 
• MUTCD (Traffic Controls for Bicycle Facilities)
  http//mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/
  millennium/12.18.00/9.pdf
• Bicycle Compatibility Index
  http//ntl.bts.gov/DOCS/98095/TOC/toc.html

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Options

• Shared roadways
• Bike routes (signed shared roadways)
• Wide outside lane
• Bike lanes
• Paved shoulders

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2 Types of Bicycle Facilities

• On-Road Facilities
• Off-Road Facilities

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I. On-Road Bicycle Facilities
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Recommended Widths

• Paved shoulders
• minimum 4 feet, for bicycle use
• AASHTOs (Green Book)" recommends greater
  shoulder width when vehicle speeds exceed 50
  miles per hour

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• On-Street (Road)
• Minimum 4 feet from edge of roadway
• Desirable 5 feet from edge of roadway
• Minimum 5 feet from the face of the curb or a
  guardrail to the bicycle lane stripe
• Minimum 5 foot adjacent to parking

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On-Road Facilities
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SHARED LANE DIMENSIONS
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ADJACENT TO PARKING
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Paved Shoulder Lane Widths

• 4 foot normally
• 5 feet adjacent to guardrails or other roadside
  barriers
• 14 feet joint use lanes
• 15 feet joint use curb lanes on steep uphill
  segments

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PAVED SHOULDER DIMENSIONS
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Clear Zones

• On-road bike facilities benefit from design sight
  clearance required by the roadway itself.
• On-road bicycle facilities are usually designated
  on hard-surfaced roadways.

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Drainage

• The primary drainage issue in urban areas is
  roadway drain inlets.
• Some inlet grates may trap bicycle wheel or send
  a rider off course
• On rural sections, the roadway cross-slope is
  adequate for bicycle facility drainage.

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II. Off-Road Bicycle Facilities
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Recommended Bicycle Trail Widths

• Two-Way Bicycle Trail
• 10 feet (may be increased to 12 feet depending
  trail traffic)
• One-Way Bicycle Trail
• 6 feet (separated one-way trails should have a
  minimum 2-foot median)

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Clear Zones

• Trails should maintain a minimum
• 2-foot , 61 graded area on each side
• Trails should maintain a minimum
• 1-foot buffer zone between the edge of the
  graded clear zone and fixed objects.

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OFF-ROAD DIMENSIONS
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Drainage

• Trails should not exceed a 2 cross slope.
• Crowning of the trail at 2 to 3 is acceptable.
• Where a trail is benched into a slope, a swale on
  the uphill side should be considered to catch
  water before it crosses the trail

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CROWNING OF A TRAIL
TRAIL CROSS SLOPE
TRAIL WITH DRAINAGE SWALE
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Manual on Traffic Control Devices(MUTCD)
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Pedestrian Facility Design
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Characteristics

• Pedestrian dimensions
• Walking speeds
• Capacities of pedestrian-related facilities

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Factors to Consider

• Sufficient width
• Protection from traffic
• Street trees
• Pedestrian-scale designs
• Continuity
• Clearances
• Conformance with national standards

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Intersection Design Factors

• Crosswalks
• Curb ramps
• Traffic signals
• On-street parking
• Corner curb radius
• Curb extensions
• Medians and refuge areas
• mid-block crossings
• Grade-separated crossings
• Expressway ramps

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CE 350Introduction to Transportation Planning

• Chapter 16
• Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities