Ancient Rome

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Ancient Rome
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Ancient Rome began to expand during the 300's
B.C. Expansion overseas made Rome the dominant
Mediterranean power by 133 B.C. The empire
reached its greatest size under Trajan, who ruled
until A.D. 117.
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Origins of Rome

• From 1000 to 500 BC three groups lived on the
  Italian peninsula
• Greeks
• 750 to 600 BC set up colonies to trade
• Brought Italy into closer contact with Greek
  culture
• Latins
• Built the original settlement on the Palatine
  Hill
• Etruscans
• Native to Northern Italy
• Romans adopted their alphabet
• Skilled metalworkers

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The Early Republic

• Etruscan kings ruled Rome for about 100 years
• Last king was Tarquin the Proud
• Tyrant
• As a reaction the Romans establish a republic
• Citizens have a right to choose their own leader
• Citizenship was granted to free-born male
  citizens

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Sequence of Roman Government
MONARCHY 753-509 B.C.
KING
REPUBLIC 509-27 B.C.
DEMOCRACY
EMPIRE 27 B.C.-476 A.D.
EMPEROR
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Forum Latin word meaning open space or market
place
The way it was...
The way it looks today...
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Roman Society during the Republic

• Plebeians
• Who were they?
• Merchants
• Common farmers
• artisans
• Could not hold office

• Patricians
• Who were they?
• Latin nobles
• Wealthy landowners
• Could hold public office

Citizens right to vote, pay taxes, served in the
military
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3 Branches of Government

• Branch One EXECUTIVE
• 2 leaders of the executive branch
• consuls- elected for one year by the upper class.
  
• DUTIES
• Supervised the Senate
• ordered the Roman army during wars
• Other members of the executive branch
• tax collectors, mayors, city police, and other
  people in positions of power in cities.

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The Republic Branch Two Legislative
Legislative
Senate of 300
Centuriate Assembly
Tribal Assembly
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3 Branches of Government

• LEGISLATIVE
• Senate
• most powerful part of the legislative branch
• group of about 300 male citizens
• WHAT DID THEY DO?
• They could tell the consuls how much money they
  could spend and on what.
• HOW DID THEY GET THE JOB?
• elected

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The RepublicBranch Three Judicial
Judicial

• PRAETORSChosen by the Centuriate Assembly to a
  1 year term
• 8 judges 2 control civil cases

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3 Branches of Government

• JUDICIAL
• had six judges
• elected every two years.
• decided punishments for criminals
• job was similar to the job that judges have today
  in the United States

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2 Classes within Society

• Patricians
• are the head of the government
• Plebeians
• begin to make demands on the patrician classes
• Patricians decide to recognize the Plebeian
  representatives
• BIG QUESTION WHY?

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Tribunes

• Plebeian representation in the Roman legislature
• Assembly of Tribes- elect the tribunes
• recognized by the patricians
• power to veto any legislation
• could not be arrested
• Plebeians fight to put Roman Law into writing-
  WHY?
• Twelve Tables

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Other Changes

• Plebeians were allowed to marry Patricians
• failure to pay a debt no longer meant being sold
  into slavery
• Long term benefits to these changes?

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Religion

• How is religion related to nature?
• Soothsayers
• development of gods and goddesses
• Influence of the Greeks?
• Deities
• AphroditeVenus
• JupiterZeus

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Family
Thrift, Self-Sacrifice, and Devotion to the
Family
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Typical Home
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Family

• Family included
• unmarried children
• married sons and their families
• all dependent relatives
• household slaves

• Responsibilities of the head of the family
• religious ceremonies
• controlled property
• education of his sons
• sell family members into slavery

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Family

• Role of Women-
• more freedom than Greek women
• ran their household with little interference
• in some cases they acquired land and businesses
• WEALTHY-
• has slaves do work
• studied Greek, literature and art

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Family

• Children
• were under the strict supervision of their
  parents
• Sons
• were taught by dad to be good soldiers and
  farmers
• Daughters
• were taught by mom to be good housewives