Courtesy

1
Courtesy
2
Courtesy

• Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

3

• Sometimes we must decide which sentence a
  fragment attaches to.

Sentence fragment - Sentence
?
4

• I have never known anyone who
  was a better worker than
  Paula. Who always did her homework in half
  the time I took, she usually had it done twice
  as well.
•  

5

• I have never known anyone who was a better
  worker than Paula.
• Who always did her homework in half the time I
  took
• she usually had it done twice as well.
•  

6

• I have never known anyone who was a better
  worker than Paula.
• Who always did her homework in half the time I
  took
• she usually had it done twice as well.
•  

S
7

• I have never known anyone who was a better
  worker than Paula.
• Who always did her homework in half the time I
  took
• she usually had it done twice as well.
•  

F
S
8

• I have never known anyone who was a better
  worker than Paula.
• Who always did her homework in half the time I
  took
• she usually had it done twice as well.
•  

S
F
S
9

• S F S
• To which sentence does
• this fragment attach?
•  

10

• (S) I have never known anyone who was a better
  worker than Paula, (F) who always did her
  homework in half the time I took.
•  

11

• (F) Who always did her homework in half the
  time I took, (S) she usually had it done twice as
  well.
•  

12

• (S) I have never known anyone who was a better
  worker than Paula, (F) who always did her
  homework in half the time I took.
•  

13
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
•  

14
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S, F S
•  

15
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S, F) S
•  

16
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S
• (S, F) S
•  

17
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S, F) S
•  

18
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S, F) S
•  

19
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S, F). S
•  

20
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• We can punctuate it two ways
• (1) With a period
• S
• (S, F). S

21
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (2) With a semi-colon
• S
• (S,F) S

22
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• A period and a semi-colon are almost the same
  type of punctuation.

23
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• A period separates two sentences.
• A semi-colon joins two sentences.

24
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I have never known anyone who was a
  better worker than Paula, who always did her
  homework in half the time I took. She
  usually had it done twice as well.
•  

25
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• A period has two spaces and a capital letter
  following it.
• A semi-colon has one space and no capital letter
  following it.

26
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I have never known anyone who was a
  better worker than Paula, who always did her
  homework in half the time I took she
  usually had it done twice as well.
•  

27
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I have never known anyone who was a
  better worker than Paula, who always did her
  homework in half the time I took. She
  usually had it done twice as well.
•  

28
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math
  once, when I was particularly desperate, I
  hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.  

29
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math once.
• When I was particularly desperate
• I hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.  
•  

30
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math once.
• When I was particularly desperate
• I hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.  
•  

S
31
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math once.
• When I was particularly desperate
• I hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.  
•  

F
S
32
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math once.
• When I was particularly desperate
• I hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.  
•  

S
F
S
33
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
• Which sentence does
• this fragment attach to?
•  

34
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (F) When I was particularly desperate, (S) I
  hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.
•  

35
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) I asked Paula to help me with my math
  once, (F) when I was particularly desperate.
•  

36
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S, F S
•  

37
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S, F. S
•  

38
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math
  once, when I was particularly desperate. I
  hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.
•  

39
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S, F) S
•  
• (S, F) S

S
40
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Separate the sentences with a period.
• S, F. S

41
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Or join the sentences
• with a semi-colon
• S, F S

42
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• I asked Paula to help me with my math
  once, when I was particularly desperate I
  hadn't been getting good grades for several
  weeks.
•  

43
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Everyone was asking me
• about Stacey. Where she
• was and what she was doing,
• wild rumors had been circulating.  

44
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Everyone was asking me about Stacey.
• Where she was and what she was doing
• wild rumors had been circulating.  
•  

45
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Everyone was asking me about Stacey.
• Where she was and what she was doing
• wild rumors had been circulating.   

S
46
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Everyone was asking me about Stacey.
• Where she was and what she was doing
• wild rumors had been circulating.   

F
S
47
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Everyone was asking me about Stacey.
• Where she was and what she was doing
• wild rumors had been circulating.   

S
F
S
48
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
• Which sentence does this
• fragment attach to?
•  

49
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) Everyone was asking me about Stacey,
• (F) where she was and what she was doing
•  
•  

50
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (F) where she was and what she was doing, (S)
  wild rumors had been circulating.
•  

51
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) Everyone was asking me about Stacey, (F)
  where she was and what she was doing.
•  

52
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S, F S
•  

53
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Separate the sentences with a period.
• S, F. S
•  

54
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Or join the sentences
• with a semi-colon.
• S, F S
•  

55
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) Everyone was asking me
• about Stacey, (F) where she
• was and what she was doing.
• (S) Wild rumors had been circulating.
•  

56
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S, F) S
•  
• (S, F) S

S
57
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S
• (S, F) S

58
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S, F S

59
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Everyone was asking me
• about Stacey, where she was
• and what she was doing
• wild rumors had been circulating.  

60
Review

• S F Sentence

61
Review

• S F Sentence
• Join a sentence and a fragment with a comma

62
Review

• S F Sentence
• Join a sentence and a fragment with a comma or
  with no punctuation.

63
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• We have been looking at fragments that attach
  to the sentence before them.
• Usually, fragments attach to the sentence that
  follows.

64
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• John brought Judy a ring however, she married
  Fred.

65
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• John brought Judy a ring however, she married
  Fred.

John brought Judy a ring however she
married Fred
66
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• John brought Judy a ring however, she married
  Fred.

John brought Judy a ring however
S she married Fred
67
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• John brought Judy a ring however, she married
  Fred.

John brought Judy a ring F however
S she married Fred
68
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• There is a change of tone of voice after
  however.

69
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• There is a change of tone of voice after
  however.

however, she married Fred.
70
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• There is a change of tone of voice after
  however.

however, she married Fred. F S
Sentence
71
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

Therefore, you need a comma after however.

72
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
73
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• S F, S

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
74
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• S (F, S)

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
75
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• S
• S (F, S)

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
76
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Separate with a period
• S (F, S)

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
77
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Separate with a period
• S. (F, S)

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
78
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Or join with a semi-colon
• S (F, S)

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
79
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Or join with a semi-colon
• S (F, S)

S John brought Judy a ring
F however S she married Fred
80
Why Use a Semi-Colon?

• To combine ideas

81
Why Use a Semi-Colon?

• S F, S

82
S F, S

• Using a semi-colon shows a relationship.

83
S F, S

• Using a semi-colon shows a relationship.
• Especially useful in business and in school.

84
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall however, we
  went to the game anyway.  

85
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Notice the breath after fall
• and the change of tone of voice after however
  

86
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Notice the breath after fall
• and the change of tone of voice after however
  
• Around noon the snow began to fall however, we
  went to the game anyway.  

87
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• S
• we went to the game anyway.  
•  

88
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• F
• however
• S
• we went to the game anyway.  
•  

89
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S
• Around noon the snow began to fall
• F
• however
• S
• we went to the game anyway.  
•  

90
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
•  

91
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• WHICH IS CORRECT?
• (S) Around noon the snow began to fall,
• (F) however.
•  
•  

92
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• OR
• (F) however,
• (S) we went to the game anyway.
•  

93
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F, S
•  
• S (F, S)

94
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• S F S

95
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• S F, S

96
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• S (F, S)

97
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• S
• S (F, S)

98
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• Separate with a period.
• S (F, S)

99
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• Separate with a period.
• S. (F, S)

100
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) Around noon the snow began to fall.
• (F) However, (S) we went to the game anyway.  

101
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• Or join with a semi-colon
• S (F, S)

102
Sentence Fragment - Sentence

• Around noon the snow began to fall
• however
• we went to the game anyway.

• Or join with a semi-colon
• S (F, S)

103
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) Around noon the snow began to fall (F)
  however, (S) we went to the game anyway.  
•  

104
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• At half time our team was behind by ten points
  however we got ahead on a hook shot by our
  center.

105
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• At half time our team was behind by ten points
  
• however
• we got ahead on a hook shot by our center.  

106
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• At half time our team was behind by ten points
  
• however
• we got ahead on a hook shot by our center.  

S
107
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• At half time our team was behind by ten points
  
• however
• we got ahead on a hook shot by our center.  

F
S
108
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• At half time our team was behind by ten points
  
• however
• we got ahead on a hook shot by our center.  

S
F
S
109
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
•  

110
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• WHICH IS CORRECT?
• (S) At half time our team was behind by ten
  points, (F) however.
•  
•  

111
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• OR
• (F) however,
• (S) we got ahead on a hook shot by our center.  
•  

112
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
•  

113
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F, S
•  

114
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S (F, S)
•  

115
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S
• S (F, S)
•  

116
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Separate with a period.
• S (F, S)
•  

117
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S. (F, S)
•  

118
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) At half time our team was behind by ten
  points. (F) However, (S) we got ahead on a hook
  shot by our center.   

119
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Or combine with a semi-colon.
• S (F, S)
•  

120
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Or combine with a semi-colon.
• S (F, S)
•  

121
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) At half time our team was behind by ten
  points (F) however, (S) we got ahead on a hook
  shot by our center.  
•  

122
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• It has rained for the past two days,
  therefore, I have not had a chance to play golf.
   
•  

123
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• It has rained for the past two days,
• therefore,
• I have not had a chance to play golf.  
•  

124
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• It has rained for the past two days,
• therefore,
• I have not had a chance to play golf.  
•  

S
125
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• It has rained for the past two days,
• therefore,
• I have not had a chance to play golf.  
•  

F
S
126
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• It has rained for the past two days,
• therefore,
• I have not had a chance to play golf.  
•  

S
F
S
127
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Notice the breath after rained
• and the change of tone of voice after
  therefore
• It has rained for the past two days,
  therefore, I have not had a chance to play golf.
   
•  
• .  

128
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F S
•  

129
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• WHICH IS CORRECT?
• (S) It has rained for the past two days,
• (F) therefore.
•  
•  

130
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• OR
• (F) therefore,
• (S) I have not had a chance to play golf.  
•  

131
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S F, S
•  

132
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S (F, S)
•  

133
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S
• S (F, S)
•  

134
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Separate with a period.
• S (F, S)
•  

135
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• S. (F, S)
•  

136
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) It has rained for the past two days.
  (F) Therefore, (S) I have not had a chance to
  play golf.

137
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Or join with a semi-colon.
• S (F, S)
•  

138
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• Or join with a semi-colon.
• S (F, S)
•  

139
Sentence-Fragment-Sentence

• (S) It has rained for the past two days (F)
  therefore, (S) I have not had a chance to play
  golf.  
•  

140
Breath vs. Change of Tone

• The pause after however, therefore, and other
  words usually is a change of tone rather than
  a breath.

141
Warning!

• John wanted to ski to school however, there
  was no snow.
•  

142
Warning!

• John wanted to ski to school however, there
  was no snow.
•  

143
Warning!

• John wanted to ski to school
• however,
• there was no snow.
•  

144
Warning!

• John wanted to ski to school
• however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

145
Warning!

• John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

146
Warning!

• (S) John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

147
Warning!

• S F S
• (S) John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

148
Warning!

• S F, S
• (S) John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

149
Warning!

• S (F, S)
• (S) John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

150
Warning!

• S (F, S)
• (S) John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

151
Warning!

• S (F, S)
• (S) John wanted to ski to school
• (F) however,
• (S) there was no snow.
•  

152
Warning!

• Jerry did not want to go to school, however,
  because there wasnt any snow.  

153
Warning!

• Jerry did not want to go to school
• however
• because there wasnt any snow.  

154
Warning!

• Jerry did not want to go to school
• however
• (F) because there wasnt any snow.  

155
Warning!

• Jerry did not want to go to school
• (F) however
• (F) because there wasnt any snow.  

156
Warning!

• (S) Jerry did not want to go to school
• (F) however
• (F) because there wasnt any snow.  

157
Warning!

• S F F  

158
Review

• S F comma or no punctuation
• S F F  

159
Review

• S F comma or no punctuation
• S F, F  

160
Review

• S F comma or no punctuation
• S, F, F  

161
Common SFS Words

• however

162
Common SFS Words

• therefore
• (thus)

• furthermore
• (further)
• We will vacation in Montana furthermore, we
  will be flying to Toronto for our annual meeting.

163
Common SFS Words

• furthermore
• (further)

• We will vacation in Montana furthermore, we will
  be flying to Toronto for our annual meeting.

164
Common Sentence Fragment Sentence Words

• moreover
• John was named National Coach of the Year
  moreover, he helped start the National Recycling
  Center.

• consequently
• Hitler foolishly decided to invade Russia and
  fight a war on two fronts consequently, he lost
  the war.

165
Common Sentence Fragment Sentence Words

• indeed
• The President spoke on the need for
  educational reform indeed, he insisted that
  reforms at every level are necessary.

• indeed but
• no semi-colon
• I am indeed worried about the state of
  American education.

166
Common Sentence Fragment Sentence Words

• instead
• Bill turned down a trip up the Amazon River
  instead, he stayed in bed for a week.

• instead but no
• semi-colon
• I will walk to town instead of driving.

167
WARNING

• Do not put commas where breaths or changes of
  tone or voice do not exist

168
WARNING

• although

169
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, although he already
  owned seven.

170
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, although, he already
  owned seven.

171
WARNING

• Bill bought another car although, he already
  owned seven.

172
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, although he already
  owned seven.

173
WARNING

• even though

174
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, even though he already
  owned seven.

175
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, even though, he already
  owned seven.

176
WARNING

• Bill bought another car even though, he already
  owned seven.

177
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, even though he already
  owned seven.

178
WARNING

• because

179
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, because he only owned
  seven.

180
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, because, he only owned
  seven.

181
WARNING

• Bill bought another car because, he only owned
  seven.

182
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, because he only owned
  seven.

183
WARNING

• since

184
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, since he only owned
  seven.

185
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, since, he only owned
  seven.

186
WARNING

• Bill bought another car since, he only owned
  seven.

187
WARNING

• Bill bought another car, since he only owned
  seven.

188
CONNECTORS

• however
• therefore
• consequently
• further
• furthermore
• indeed
• rather

• although
• even though
• because
• since
• if

189
CONNECTORS

• CONJUNCTIONS
• however
• therefore
• consequently
• further
• furthermore
• indeed
• rather

• COMPLEMENTS
• although
• even though
• because
• since
• if