Courtesy

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Courtesy
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Courtesy
Interior Punctuation
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Interior Punctuation

• There are five main forms of interior
  punctuation.

• Semi-colon
• Comma
• Colon
• Dash
• Parenthesis

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SEMI-COLON
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(No Transcript)
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Semi-Colon
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Semi-Colon

• Joins two sentences.

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Semi-Colon

• Joins two (related) sentences.

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SEMI-COLON

• Comma with period on top.

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SEMI-COLON

• Comma with period on top.
• Therefore, you must have a SENTENCE on each side.

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

• 1. A period separates sentences

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

• A period separates sentences
• A period is followed by TWO spaces

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

• A period separates sentences
• A period is followed by TWO spaces
• A period is followed by a capital letter

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

• 1. A period separates sentences

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

• A period separates sentences
• A period is followed by TWO spaces

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SEMI-COLON

• There are only three differences between a
  semi-colon and a period

• A period separates sentences
• A period is followed by TWO spaces
• A period is followed by a capital letter

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COMMAS

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COMMAS

• Traditional Grammar
• 33 to 37 comma rules

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COMMAS

• Traditional Grammar
• 33 to 37 comma rules

• 21st Century Grammar
• 4 comma rules

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COMMAS

• 21st Century Grammar
• 4 comma rules

• S, F
• F, S

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COMMAS

• 1. S, F

• Bob flew to Denver, even though he was overdue in
  Dallas.

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COMMAS

• 1. S, F

• S
• Bob flew to Denver,
• even though he was overdue in Dallas.

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COMMAS

• 1. S, F

• S
• Bob flew to Denver,
• F
• even though he was overdue in Dallas.

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COMMAS

• 1. F, S

• Although Janie already had two boyfriends, she
  went to the prom with Bill.

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COMMAS

• 1. F, S

• F
• Although Janie already had two boyfriends,
• she went to the prom with Bill.

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COMMAS

• 1. F, S

• F
• Although Janie already had two boyfriends,
• S
• she went to the prom with Bill.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone

• F
• Although Janie already had two boyfriends,
• S
• she went to the prom with Bill.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone

• S
• Bob flew to Denver,
• F
• even though he was overdue in Dallas.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates

• We are going to Gooseneck Hollow, Mississippi,
  for Christmas vacation.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates

• We will be living in Shaotang, China, next
  summer.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates

• On January 31, 2010, my dog will be 149 years old
  in dog years.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates
• When in doubt, leave commas out

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates
• When in doubt, leave commas out

• I am going to the University of Texas and Gina is
  attending Arizona State.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates
• When in doubt, leave commas out

• I am going to the University of Texas, and Gina
  is attending Arizona State.

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COMMAS

• F, S
• Breath or other change of tone
• States and dates
• When in doubt, leave commas out

• I am going to the University of Texas and Gina is
  attending Arizona State.

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COMMAS

• COMMAS
• IN A SERIES

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COMMAS

• COMMAS
• IN A SERIES

• I counted 23 cypress trees, 13 rosebushes,
  and 11 dog-woods in the park.

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COMMAS

• Journalism

• I counted 23 cypress trees, 13 rosebushes and
  11 dog-woods in the park.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• If there is confusion, then you sometimes have to
  use semi-colons for clarity.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• If there is confusion, then you sometimes have to
  use semi-colons for clarity.

• How many places did these people visit?

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• If there is confusion, then you sometimes have to
  use semi-colons for clarity.

• How many places did these people visit?
• Frank and I went to Moscow, Idaho, St.
  Louis, Paris, Texas, and London.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• Exception to States
• If there is confusion, then you sometimes have to
  use semi-colons for clarity.

• They visited four places.
• Frank and I went to Moscow, Idaho St.
  Louis Paris, Texas and London.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• At the party were Bob, a clown, Bill, Fred,
  a carpenter, Sue, a doctor, and Death.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• How many people, including Death, were at the
  party?

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• At the party were Bob, a clown, Bill, Fred,
  a carpenter, Sue, a doctor, and Death.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• It depends on how you punctuated the list.

• At the party were Bob, a clown, Bill, Fred,
  a carpenter, Sue, a doctor, and Death.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• At the party were Bob, a clown, Bill, Fred,
  a carpenter, Sue, a doctor, and Death.
• 8 people

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• At the party were Bob, a clown, Bill, Fred,
  a carpenter, Sue, a doctor, and Death.

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• It depends on how you punctuated the list.

• At the party were Bob, a clown Bill Fred,
  a carpenter Sue, a doctor and Death.
• 5 people

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• It depends on how you punctuated the list.

• At the party were Bob a clown Bill Fred,
  a carpenter Sue, a doctor and Death.
• 6 people

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• It depends on how you punctuated the list.

• At the party were Bob a clown Bill Fred
  a carpenter Sue, a doctor and Death.
• 7 people

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EXCEPTION TO LIST

• The punctuation merely follows how you would say
  the sentence.

• At the party were Bob, a clown, Bill, Fred,
  a carpenter, Sue, a doctor, and Death.
• 8 people

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COMMAS

• THE TRICK

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COMMAS

• THE TRICK

• Read aloud in a normal speaking voice

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COMMAS

• THE TRICK

• Read aloud (or subvocalize) in a normal
  speaking voice

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COLONS

• Use a colon before a list IF you take a breath.

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COLONS

• Use a colon before a list IF you take a breath.

• There are several types of trees here elms,
  maples, and spruce.

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NO COLON

• Use a colon before a list IF you take a breath.

• At the party were Bill, Sue, Henry, and
  Gina.

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NO COLON

• Use a colon before a list IF you take a breath.

• Bill, Sue, Henry, and Gina were at the
  party.

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COLONS

• Use a colon before a list IF you take a breath.

• Elms, maples, and spruce there are several
  types of trees here.

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Interior Punctuation

• You will never have a semi-colon before a list.
• Why not?

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Interior Punctuation

• You will never have a semi-colon before a list.
• Why not?

• Lists are almost never sentences. You need a
  sentence to use a semi-colon.

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Interior Punctuation

• Colon or No Colon?
• For his report on war literature, Fred read The
  Red Badge of Courage, The Thin Red Line, and
  Exodus.

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Interior Punctuation

• Colon or No Colon?
• For his report on war literature, Fred read The
  Red Badge of Courage, The Thin Red Line, and
  Exodus.

• NO COLON

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Interior Punctuation

• Colon or No Colon?
• Bring the following to the essay exam two pens, a
  blue book, and a brain.

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Interior Punctuation

• Colon or No Colon?
• Bring the following to the essay exam two pens,
  a blue book, and a brain.

• COLON

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DASH

• This is a great piece of punctuation.
• It has two main uses.

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DASH

• This is a great piece of punctuation.
• It has two main uses.

• 1. Use a dash when you want to say two things at
  once.

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DASH

• 1. Use a dash when you want to say two things at
  once. Example

• Find all the basketballs I think I left
  them in the locker in the basement and hide
  them before they get stolen.

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DASH

• This is a great piece of punctuation.
• It has two main uses.

• Use a dash when you want to say two things at
  once.
• 2. A dash can be used in the place of any other
  piece of punctuation. Just do not overuse it.

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Interior Punctuation

• Janie divorced Jack. She found out that he was a
  bank robber. She did not mind his having chosen
  that profession except that on his last job he
  stole her life savings and wouldnt give it to
  her.

• Use a dash when you want to say two things at
  once.
• 2. A dash can be used in the place of any other
  piece of punctuation. Just do not overuse it.

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Interior Punctuation

• Parenthesis (singular)
• Parentheses (plural)

• Avoid using parentheses except for
  footnoting.

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Interior Punctuation

• Never put punctuation in front of a parenthesis.

• Incorrect
• The painting occupies a focal point in the
  church. (Jones, 1996)

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Interior Punctuation

• Never put punctuation in front of a parenthesis.

• Incorrect
• The painting occupies a focal point in the
  church. (Jones, 1996)
• Correct
• The painting occupies a focal point in the church
  (Jones, 1996).

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• Practice

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Interior Punctuation

• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 1. Mandy selected the color for the door Randy
  mixed the paint.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 1. Mandy selected the color for the door Randy
  mixed the paint.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 1. Mandy selected the color for the door Randy
  mixed the paint.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 2. My pitching arm aches I better see a doctor.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 2. My pitching arm aches I better see a
  doctor.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 3. Mom is it okay if I stay home today?

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 3. Mom, is it okay if I stay home today?

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 4. In five minutes I counted 16 trucks 37
  motorcycles and 56 cars.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 4. In five minutes I counted 16 trucks, 37
  motorcycles, and 56 cars.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 5. The little gray squirrel stole half of my
  sandwich.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 5. The little gray squirrel stole half of my
  sandwich.
• (no changes)

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• Generally, if you can put and between two
  adjectives, then you will need a comma.

• 5. The little gray squirrel stole half of my
  sandwich.

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• Generally, if you can put and between two
  adjectives, then you will need a comma.

• 5. The little gray squirrel stole half of my
  sandwich.
• Notice that this sounds strange

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• Generally, if you can put and between two
  adjectives, then you will need a comma.

• 5. The little gray squirrel stole half of my
  sandwich.
• Notice that this sounds strange
• The little and gray squirrel

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 6. That handsome friendly waiter brought Jessica
  her soup.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 6. That handsome, friendly waiter brought
  Jessica her soup.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 6. That handsome (and) friendly waiter brought
  Jessica her soup.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 7. Outside the temperature dropped to -40.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 7. Outside, the temperature dropped to -40.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 8. The haunted house scared Rhonda, Rhoda, and
  Reba, but it didnt scare me!

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 8. The haunted house scared Rhonda, Rhoda, and
  Reba, but it didnt scare me!
• (no changes)

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 9. We will need sheets, blankets, and six pillows
  for the slumber party.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 9. We will need sheets, blankets, and six pillows
  for the slumber party.
• (no changes)

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 10. Bob Bill and Betty have been friends since
  kindergarten.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 10. Bob, Bill, and Betty have been friends since
  kindergarten.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 11. I need the following a hammer a wrench and a
  pair of pliers

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 11. I need the following a hammer, a wrench, and
  a pair of pliers

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 12. I asked Pedro who is my uncle from Argentina
  if he would take me to New York.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 12. I asked Pedro, who is my uncle from
  Argentina, if he would take me to New York.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 12. Better
• I asked Pedro, my uncle from Argentina, if he
  would take me to New York.

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 13. Joe sewed curtains Brenda washed the windows

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• 13. Joe sewed curtains Brenda washed the windows

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• Punctuate, without changing any words

• OR
• 13. Joe sewed curtains. Brenda washed the windows