The Technology

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The Technology Walter Ellis
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Photohydroionization Cell

• Broad spectrum lamp
• Quad-metallic hydrophilic coating

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Photo Process
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PHI Cell
Hydrated Coating
Broad spectrum UV lamp
PPC Sleeve
Quad-metallic Hydrophilic coating
Optimal surface area
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Germicidal Inactivation
254 nm hv
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Photo-Catalytic Hydrated Quad-Metallic
High intensity UV light activates the hydrated
quad-metallic catalyst target
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Photoelectric Effect The conversion of light
to electricity
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Conventional Advanced Oxidation Reaction
HO2
H
H
O
254 nm hv
O2-
Formation of OHo
O2-
Super Oxide Ions O2-
H
H
O
Hydroperoxides HO2
HO2
H
H
O
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Hydrated Quad-metallic Catalytic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent

• The Quad-metallic coating
• has particular affinities,
• breaks bonds,
• releases electrons,
• holds and releases atoms,
• steals other electrons.
• absorbs water vapor
• It changes everything but itself remains
  unchanged. It is a Catalytic process.

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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
This creates an abundance of hydrogen and oxygen
on the coating
Hydrophilic means that it attracts water, (H2O
from the air)
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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Catalytic Surface
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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifaceted
compound. It's the stuff that makes toothpaste
white and paint opaque. TiO2 is also a potent
photocatalyst that can break down almost any
organic compound.
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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
when TiO2 is exposed to UV light of a wavelength
below 385 nanometers in the presence of water
vapor, two highly reactive substances are formed
hydroxyl radicals OH and a superoxide ion
O2-1.
"These are highly reactive chemical species.
Hydroxyl radicals are very strong oxidizers and
will attack all kinds of organic materials.
Daniel Blake, Dept of Energys Natural Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado
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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Vol. 05, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY,
2003 Enhanced activity of silver modified thin
film TiO2 photocatalysts This silver doped
photocatalyst decomposes the pollutant 3-times
faster than the un-doped TiO2.
Silver speeds up titanium reactions
It was postulated that silver enhanced the
reduction potential of TiO2, It was found
that the reduction potential of the
photocatalytic system can be altered by varying
the amount of silver doped onto the TiO2.
The amount of silver alters the photocatalytic
system
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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Silver has some unique abilities to work with
energized forms of oxygen
Silver is an excellent electrical conductor
Silver is stable and will not itself oxidize in
the course of creating and transporting oxidizers
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Quad-metallic Hydrophilic Coating
Rhodium, Titanium, Silver, Copper, Hydrating
Agent
Different catalysts do different things!
Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 1999, Vol. 20, No.
8 Photocatalytic Activity of Cu/TiO2 with
Oxidation State of Surface-loaded Copper the
effect of oxidation state of loaded Cu on the
photo-catalytic oxidation reaction. it is
expected that the loaded Cu may improve
photocatalytic activity of TiO2,
Copper, like silver, can improve the functions of
titanium
SOLAR PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM
WATER USING A DUAL BED PHOTOSYSTEM, Clovis A.
Linkous, Darlene K. Slattery, Florida Solar
Energy Center, University of Central Florida As
it turned out, the more common copper Pc evolved
the most H2 our best H2-evolving photocatalyst
was copper.
Copper has unique abilities to work with hydrogen
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Why the PHI Technology is Unique
By utilizing our broad spectrum lamp, we not only
produce conventional AOP reactions on the cell
surface, we also produce AOP reactions within the
air that passes through the cell.
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185 nm emitted from cell
O2
O2
185 nm
O2
O2
O2
O2
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185 nm produces ozone
185 nm
Ozone
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254 nm decomposition of ozone
254 nm
254 nm breaks O3 back down to O2
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AOP formation
O3
HO2
O2
-
OH
Germicidal UV Light Rays Hydroxyl Radicals OHo
Super Oxides O2- Hydroperoxides H2O2 Ozonide
Ions O3- Hydroxides
HO2
O3
OH
-
O2
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PHI Cell advantages
The PHI Cell produces and destroys ozone to
facilitate the AOP reactions. Typically greater
than 87 of the actual produced ozone is
decomposed in the AOP process. Devices utilizing
the PHI cells are not ozone generators.
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PHI Cell advantages

• Uses germicidal UV for microbe inactivation.
• Uses germicidal UV for Catalytic AOP reactions.
• Uses the combination of UV wavelengths to
  produce AOP reactions in air.
• AOP reactions inactivate microbes as well as
  destroy odors.
• AOP reactants remain effective after leaving cell

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APS Cartridges The Technology

• Fog
• HEPA
• Ultra

• Mercury
• Radon
• VOC

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RGF APS
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FOG Cartridge
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Oleophillic Media
Negatively charged oil sticks to positively
charged filter


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-
-
-
-
-
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Macro matrix Micro matrix
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Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge
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Ultra Pleated Particulate Cartridge
3,240 square inches versus 66 square inches.
Almost 50 times more surface area. The same
filter area as 4.5 x 5 HVAC filter MERV 15
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Adsorbtion
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Mercury Cartridge
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Mercury Cartridge
A specialty bed of sublimed sulfur carbon
designed for maximum adsorption of airborne
mercury. Calculated maximum adsorption per
cartridge APS Mini 26 grams APS 148
grams
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VOC Cartridge
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VOC Cartridge
A blend of activated carbon and natural elements
for adsorption of a wide variety of volatile
organic compounds. Calculated typical adsorption
per cartridge APS Mini 32.9 grams APS
191 grams Actual adsorption may vary
dependent on VOC encountered
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Radon Cartridge
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Radon Cartridge
A blend of natural elements poly activated for
efficient absorption of radioactive radon gas.
Calculated typical adsorption per cartridge APS
Mini 37.6 grams APS 225 grams
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Multi Cartridge
245 square inches versus 66 square
inches Particulate and Odor (carbon coated)
Rated at 90 down to 7 micron MERV 7
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IAQ

• Acceptable indoor air quality
• Air in which there are no known contaminants at
  harmful concentrations as determined by cognizant
  authorities and which a substantial majority
  (80) or more of the people exposed do not
  express dissatisfaction.
• ASHRAE Standard 62-2001

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IAQ

• OSHA has proposed IAQ regulations
• Some legislation was introduced on toxic mold
  -Melina Bill
• No specific IAQ Laws or Regulations currently

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IAQ TESTING

• Identify the problem
• -Use a common sense approach
• -Does the establishment have visible
  indicators?
• -Use the test sensors you walk around
  with.
• -Communicate with the owner
• -IAQ professionals are actually using
  quantitative testing as a last resort

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Test Kit
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Typical PHI Cell Reductions in air
2nd Day 71.2 3rd Day 86.8 4rd Day 95.4
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PHI Cell Odor Reductions in air
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Off 25 On 75
24 HOURS
Unit on
Unit off
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Thank you for your attention