The People of the Civil War

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The People of the Civil War

• Developed by Todd Goodwin
• Bob Jones
• Marilyn Zavorski
• Applewild School
• Fitchburg, MA

Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA Teaching
American History Secession, Civil War and
Reconstruction July 2005
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Focus The War Begins, 1861 1862
Confederate High Tide, 1862 1863 Yankee
Resurgence, 1863 1865 Billy Yank and Johnny
Reb
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Between 1861 and 1865 the people of the United
States were involved, as Abraham Lincoln reminded
us at Gettysburg, in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation or any nation, so conceived
and so dedicated can long endure.
Who were these people?
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Some, like Abraham Lincoln, President of the
United States of America, are still very familiar
to us today.
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Can you name the president of the seceding
states, also called the Confederate States of
America?
Jefferson Davis
http//www.civil-war.net/cw_images/files/images/15
1.jpg
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What is the term used to describe the official
advisors to the president?
Cabinet
Here is President Lincolns cabinet.
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Here is the Confederate Cabinet.
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Many remember Generals Grant and Lee. Which side
did each lead?
General Grant
General Lee
The Union
The Confederates
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Which Union general is remembered for his famous
march to the sea through Georgia?
William Tecumseh Sherman
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Which Confederate general, who Lee called his
right arm, was tragically killed by his own men
at Chancellorsville,VA?
Hint His nickname was Stonewall.
Thomas J. Jackson
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There sure were many generals in the Civil War.
This is Winfield Scott, the highest ranking
Federal general at the beginning of the war.
Whom did he recommend to Lincoln for field
commander of the Union Army?
Robert E. Lee
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Here are two Confederate generals
P. G. T. Beauregard
Joseph E. Johnston
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For much of the war Lincoln sought a general who
would aggressively attack the Confederate Army.
Pictured here with President Lincoln is one of
his more controversial generals, who later ran
for president against Lincoln. Can you name him?
George B. McClellan
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Here are three other Union generals.
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Both sides in the war used soldiers riding on
horseback. What is the term for this type of
soldier?
Cavalry
Here is Lees most famous cavalry commander, J.
E. B. Stuart.
Note the the high boots and saber and plumed hat
of this cavalry leader.
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Here is another group of southern cavalry raiders
under the leadership John S. Mosby in the center
with the plumed hat.
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On the left is General Philip Sheridan, a Union
cavalry leader and his staff. The man sitting on
the chair on the right is nicknamed the boy
general. Can you name him?
Hint Later he will be known for his last
stand.
George Armstrong Custer
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Many of the officers on both sides of the war
were graduates of the United States Military
Academy at West Point. On the right is Custer
as a lieutenant. On the left is his West Point
classmate, James Washington of the Confederate
Army, who had just been captured.
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Both sides also had navies, though the Unions
was much stronger.
The fleets of these two men helped control the
Mississippi River for the Union.
Admiral David G. Farragut
Admiral David Dixon Porter
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In addition to the famous, people of all walks of
life were involved in the Civil War. They were
the farmers, teamsters, mill workers, craftsmen,
women, children and slaves. Some we know by
name, some remain anonymous.
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All over the country there were state and local
militia groups.
Here are some Virginian militia on the eve of the
war.
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To meet the increased demand, soldiers were
recruited from all walks of life.
NorthernRecruitment Poster
http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
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As the war progressed, both sides resorted to
drafting men to fight. This was not popular with
all citizens.
http//www.hangmansknot.com/images/pic_riots.gif
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Over 3 million people served in the armies of the
Civil War.
http//www.civil-war.net/
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7.jpg
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Here is a Union regimental band in training camp.
They provided signals and directions during
battle and entertainment in camp.
What were bands and musicians used for in the war?
Click on the drum to hear the Battle Cry of
Freedom.
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slide with arrow key.
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Here is the crew of the USS Monitor. What was a
monitor?
It is was a class of ironclad ships built by the
Union Navy.
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However, the war wasnt just fighting.
Fraternization - Federal and Confederate
pickets trading between the lines -- usually
northern coffee for southern tobacco. Original
pencil drawing by Edwin Forbes. Drawing Library
of Congress
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Here are some of Shermans soldiers tearing up
southern railroad tracks on their march to the
sea.
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Here are Lees men just after learning about the
southern surrender at Appomattox.
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Women played a valuable role in this era.
First published in 1852,Harriet Beecher
Stowe'snovel greatly helped theanti-slavery
movement.

http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
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Harriet Beecher Stowe worked to awaken the North
to the harshness of slavery.
Slave Pen, Alexandria, Va.Photographer Andrew
J. Russell.
http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos2.html
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For over 200 years black slaves toiled to build
America
from agriculture and the crafts . . .
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argets/images/pho/t001/T001921B.jpg
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to urban labor.
Black Laborers on a Wharf - James River, VA
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4.jpg
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The coming of war changed the status of many
blacks.
Escaped slaves seek refuge behind Union lines -
Such blacks were often called "contrabands."

Historical photo Library of
Congress
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The great abolitionist leader, Frederick
Douglass, urged the North to enlist Blacks to
fight for the cause.
Frederick Douglass - Anti-slavery leader
(1817-95). Historical photo Library of
Congress
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Company E, 4th US. Colored Infantry Fort
Lincoln, District of Columbia

By the end of the war, over 200,00 blacks served
in the Union Army and Navy.
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Recruitment Handbill
In this Civil War handbill for black recruits,
African American soldiers are shown liberating
slaves and bringing new hope for a good education
and a productive way of life.
http//americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/1-segr
egated/detail/recruitment-handbill.html
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Women served in a variety of ways.
Clara Barton was given a nickname for helping the
sick and wounded soldiers on the battlefield.
What was it?
Angel of the Battlefield
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Annie Ethridge "Civilian" (aka Gentle Annie,
Michigan Annie)
Daughter of the Regiment/Nurse
http//www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/8558/2n
dMich/bios/bioannie.html

• Served with 2nd, 3rd and 5th Michigan Infantry,
  also closely connected with the 40th New York
  (Mozart Regiment) Volunteer Infantry
• Present at First Bull Run, Williamsburg, Second
  Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg,
  Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Petersburg, Cold
  Harbor, Blackburn's Ford, Appomattox and New York
  to help limit draft riots also worked on several
  transport ships Knickerbocker, Louisiana,
  Daniel Webster, Wenona

http//www.vivandiere.net/unionvivs.html
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Dr. Mary Edwards Walker November 26, 1832 -
February 21, 1919
http//www.undelete.org/military/mil3walker.html
http//www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/p
hysicians/biography_325.html
Surgeon, Spy, Suffragette, Prisoner of War,
Proponent of Style and Congressional Medal of
Honor Winner
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These two women were spies for the Confederacy.
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Pauline Cushman was a spy for the USA.
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Rose Greenhow warned the Confederacy of the Union
advance, which led to the first Battle of Bull
Run.
She is pictured here with her daughter while in
Union custody.
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Some women even fought in combat.
This is a photograph of Sam Blalock of Co. F
(The Hibriten Guards) of the 26th NC Troops. She
is holding a photograph of her husband, William
McKesson (Keith) Blalock, who also served in Co.
F. Sam was born in 1842 and, at age 20, she and
her husband would embark on a remarkable
adventure.
Malinda Blalock, alias Sam Blalock
http//www.cojoweb.com/malinda_blaylock.html
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She served many months in Missouri artillery and
cavalry units disguised as a man.
Frances Clayton
Photos from Boston Public Library
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Sarah Emma Edmonds of Michigan (originally from
Canada)
alias Frank Thompson, Civil War soldier and spy
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Loreta Janeta Velazquez, b. 1842
Alias, Harry T. Buford, C.S.A.
http//docsouth.unc.edu/velazquez/velazquez.html
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Children also served in the war.
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Photographers and illustrators helped us remember
the people of the Civil War.
Mathew Brady
Alexander Gardner
Brady's photographic outfit in the field near
Petersburg, Va., 1864.
http//www.treasurenet.com/images/civilwar/CIVIL06
7.JPG
Alfred Waud
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They photographed and drew both the living and
the dead

http//www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/gtburg.htm
The Dead at Antietam by Alexander Gardner
http//www.ipeters.de/photography.htmlgardner
Reconnaissance by Bufords Calvary towards the
Rapidan River published in Harper's
Weekly,October 3, 1863by Alfred Waud
http//www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/trm041.html
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Those who actually lived during this period are
no longer with us.
Confederate and Union soldiers shaking hands -
Old soldiers are reunited in peaceful times at
the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg,
1913. Historical photo Library of Congress
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President Lincoln helped us remember these
people with his words in the Gettysburg Address.
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Gettysburg, PA - Audience during Lincoln's
Address, November 19, 1863. This is the only
known photo taken of the event.

Historical photo Library of Congress
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Gettysburg Address inPresident Lincoln's
handwriting.
http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos.html
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we here highly resolve that these dead shall
not have died in vain, that this nation under God
shall have a new birth of freedom, and that
government of the people, by the people, for the
people shall not perish from the earth.
Click on Abe to hear Johnny Cash read the
Gettysburg Address.
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Image credits   Miller, Francis Trevelyan, ed.,
Photographic History of the Civil War, 10
volumes, Springfield, MA Patriot Publishing,
1911. (brown-tint images)   Civil War ClipArt CD
by Finley-Holiday Film Corp., Whittier,
CA   Civil War Picture CD by Finley-Holiday Film
Corp., Whittier, CA http//www.archives.gov/educa
tion/lessons/brady-photos/ http//www.civil-war.n
et/ excellent   http//civilwarclipart.com/Clipar
tgallery/clipart1.htm   http//classroomclipart.co
m/   http//216.247.171.108/Clipartgallery/illus.h
tml   http//www.mdhs.org/library/Z24CivilWar.html
excellent   http//www.wildwestweb.net/cwphotos
.html   http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphom
e.html   http//www.tennessee-scv.org/Camp1513/cli
part.htm   http//www.wisegorilla.com/images/civil
war/civilwar.html                          
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