Diabetes Prevention

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Diabetes Prevention

• Taking Good Health to Heart
• Month 4 Class 2

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What Are the Risk Factors for Heart Disease?
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The Harm Smoking Does

• Modifiable risk factor
• Even small amount of tobacco will cause damage
• Damages arteries
• Lowers HDL good cholesterol
• Increases blood clotting
• Smoking a cigarette can trigger a heart attack

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Blood Pressure

• Modifiable risk factor
• Lower the better

• DASH
• high fruit veg
• low saturated fat
• Low sodium
• Physical activity
• Weight loss
• Avoid alcohol excess

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The Impact of Lifestyle Modifications
DASH Diet (rich in fruits vegetables) improves
Physical Activity Improves
Short term increase in BP
Weight Loss Improves
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LDL Bad Cholesterol

• Know your goal
• Beat your goal
• Lower is better
• Adds risk

Limit saturated fat Eat more soluble
fiber Physical Activity Weight Loss
Count grams of Saturated fat. heart disease
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Impact of Lifestyle Modifications
Low saturated fat Include soluble fiber
Weight loss Improves
Physical Activity Improves
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HDL Good Cholesterol

• Dietary modifications
• Exercise
• Weight loss
• No tobacco

• Modifiable risk factor
• Higher the better
• High HDL is protective

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Impact of Lifestyle Modifications
Weight loss Improves
Tobacco makes worse
Physical Activity Improves
Include good fats in diet
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Triglycerides

• Newer risk factor
• Most commonly elevated in diabetes and high
  levels of alcohol

• Weight loss
• Physical activity
• Alcohol avoidance
• Tobacco avoidance
• Diet
• Low fat
• Or High Omega-3

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Impact of Lifestyle Modifications
Weight loss Improves
Tobacco makes worse
Physical Activity Improves
Variable
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Diabetes

• 1 Cause of Blindness
• 90 Preventable

• 1 Cause of Kidney Failure
• Most is Preventable

• 1 Cause of NT Amputation
• 40 to 50 Preventable

• 60 to 70 of Diabetes
• Deaths are Cardiovascular
• Stroke
• Heart Failure
• Coronary Heart Disease

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Modifying RiskCase Study

• Martha is a 55 year old non-diabetic female
• Does not smoke
• BP 139/88
• HDL 43
• LDL 173
• Triglycerides 198
• Glucose 112
• 10 year risk 10.6

123/77
56
122
111
99
4.1
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Modifying RiskCase Study

• Martha is a 55 year old non-diabetic female
• Does not smoke
• BP 139/88
• HDL 43
• LDL 173
• Triglycerides 198
• Glucose 112
• 10 year risk 10.6

149/91
38
194
235
136
15.1
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The Metabolic Syndrome

• Low HDL cholesterol
• Borderline triglycerides
• Central obesity
• Prehypertension
• Impaired fasting glucose

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Stress Effect

• Depression increases heart attack mortality
• Hostility, poor social and emotional support, and
  lack of control over life associated with poor
  outcomes
• May lead to destructive life habits

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Aspirin

• Doctors discuss aspirin chemoprevention with
  adults who are at increased risk for heart
  disease
• Benefits
• Harms
• Choose aspirin when your risk of a serious heart
  problem is greater than 3 in the next 5 years

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• "The doctor of the future will give no medicine,
  but will interest his patient in the care of the
  human frame, in diet and in the cause and
  prevention of disease."

--Thomas A. Edison
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