Prevention Diabetes

1
Prevention Diabetes

• Dr Abir Youssef

2
What is diabetes

• Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that
  characterised by raised plasma glucose levels. 
• Diabetes, results from the bodys inability to
  produce or use insulin properly, resulting in
  high levels of blood sugar. 

3
Classification of diabetes

• Type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of
  insulin resistance and some degree of insulin
  deficiency.
• Type 1, the body produces no insulin. More than
  80 of recognised diabetes is Type 2 and most of
  the remainder is Type 1.

4
Classification of diabetes

• Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) developing
  during some cases of pregnancy but usually
  disappears after pregnancy.
• Impaired glucose regulation/Impaired fasting
  glucose
• Other rare forms include maturity-onset diabetes
  of the young (MODY)

5
Diabetes the size of the problem

• WHO estimate prevalence of diabetes for all age-
  groups worldwide was estimated to be 2.8 in 2000
  and 4.4 in 2030.
• Estimated rise in number from 171 million in 2000
  to 366 million in 2030.
• 150 rise in developing countries by 2030.
• Number of deaths attributed to diabetes was
  previously estimated at just over 800,000.

6
The costs of diabetes

• Direct costs
• Direct costs to individuals and their families
  include medical care, drugs, insulin and other
  supplies
• Direct costs to the healthcare sector include
  hospital services, physician services,
• Overall, direct health care costs of diabetes
  range from 2.5 to 15 annual health care
  budgets, depending on local diabetes prevalence
  and the sophistication of the treatment
  available.

7
The costs of diabetes

• Indirect costs
• Sickness, absence, disability, premature
  retirement or premature mortality can cause loss
  of productivity.
• Estimating the cost to society of this loss of
  productivity is not easy. Pain, anxiety,
  inconvenience and other factors which decrease
  quality of life are intangible costs, which are
  just as heavy.

8
Facts on Prevention Diabetes

• The heavy social and economic costs
• of type 2 diabetes
• (including its role in other diseases,
• such as heart disease
• and stroke) mean that primary
• prevention must be a priority.

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Facts on Prevention Diabetes

• pre-diabetes can prevent the development of type
  2 diabetes by making changes in their lifestyle.
• Effective prevention also means more
  cost-effective healthcare.

10
Facts on Prevention Diabetes

• Primary prevention protects susceptible
  individuals from developing diabetes. It has an
  impact by reducing or delaying both the need for
  diabetes care and the need to treat diabetes
  complications.

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Facts on Prevention Diabetes

• Secondary prevention includes early detection,
  prevention and treatment. Appropriate action
  taken at the right time is beneficial in terms of
  quality of life, and is cost-effective,
  especially if it can prevent hospital admission

12
Primary prevention
Primary prevention
Weight Loss
Stop Smoking
Physical Activity
13
Primary prevention

• Lifestyle Changes Can Prevent Diabetes
• Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
  Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes
• Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention
• Smoking Predisposes to Type 2 Diabetes

14
Taking Action to Prevent Diabetes

• Change will come more easily if everyone is
  involved.

15
Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
Lowering of the Risk of
Diabetes

• 1. Body-Mass Index Obesity in adults is assessed
  using the body-mass index (BMI body weight in
  kg divided by the square of body height in
  meters) The higher the body-mass index, the
  higher the morbidity and mortality risks become.
• The risk of diabetes increases 15-fold as the
  body-mass index rises from 23 kg/m2 to 35 kg/m2.

16
Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes

• 2. Waist Circumference
• The body-mass index does not indicate the
  distribution of body fat, and waist circumference
  is therefore also used as a measure of obesity
  and the associated health risks.

17
Weight Loss Is Accompanied by Considerable
Lowering of the Risk of Diabetes

• Treatment of obesity will prevent illness
  development in individuals at risk and improve
  quality of life and prevent late complications in
  those already affected.
• In recent years, attention has been increasingly
  focused on the incidence of central obesity which
  has been found to strongly predict risks of type
  2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

18
Physical Activity and Diabetes Prevention

• Physical activity decreases insulin resistance
  and can aid in both preventing type 2 diabetes
  mellitus and managing the disease.
• Physical activity has an insulin-like effect --
  it can help lower blood sugar levels.
• Epidemiological studies suggest that physical
  activity can reduce the risk of
  non-insulin-dependent diabetes by up to 50
  percent.

19
Smoking Predisposes to Type 2 Diabetes

• Studies shown correlation between smoking and
  the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
• The risk is dose-dependent the longer you smoke,
  the higher the risk.

20
Recommendations

• Change will come more easily if everyone is
  involved.
• prevention diabetes can be on different levels
  individuals, community, local government and
  national levels.

21
Recommendations

• The government should work to reduce health
  inequality and improve the environment factor by
  improving the deprived areas and controlling
  safety and making the streets safe for walking or
  cycling to school or the workplace, promoting and
  improving access to sport and leisure facilities,
  as well as encouraging physical activity

22
Recommendation

• Parents of overweight children should be helped
  to take responsibility and encourage healthy
  eating and physical activity.
• Anti- smoking behaviour should be promoted by
  implementing legal action.

23
Conclusions

• Understanding environmental factors can
  contribute to a better understanding of the
  nature of diabetes as well as contribute to
  tackling it.
• A healthy population requires a healthy
  environment where all have the ability and
  opportunity to follow a healthy lifestyle.