Gaviiformes loons

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Neognathae - the traditionally recognized orders
Gaviiformes - loons Podicipediformes -
grebes Sphenisciformes - penguins Procellariiforme
s tubenoses albatrosses, shearwaters
(petrels), storm petrels, diving
petrels Pelecaniformes (polyphyletic)
totipalmate birds pelicans, tropicbirds, gannets
(boobies), darters (anhingas), cormorants,
frigatebirds Ciconiiformes (polyphyletic)
storks, herons, ibises, shoebill, hammerkop,
flamingos Anseriformes waterfowl screamers,
magpie goose, whistling ducks, ducks (swans,
geese) Falconiformes (polyphyletic) - diurnal
birds-of-prey New World vultures, hawks (eagles,
buzzards,kites), falcons, osprey,
secretarybird Galliformes fowl
mound-builders, currasows, pheasants (turkeys,
grouse, quail), guineafowl Gruiformes
(polyphyletic) cranes, rails, bustards,
seriemas, finfoots (sungrebe), sunbittern, kagu,
mesites, button quail, plains wanderer Charadriif
ormes (polyphyletic) shorebirds sandpipers,
seedsnipe, painted snipe, jaçanas, coursers and
pratincoles, jaegers, auks, gulls, thick-knees,
plovers, stilts, oystercatchers, sheathbills,
ibisbill, crab plover, sand grouse Columbiformes
doves (pigeons), dodos Psittaciformes
parrots Cuculiformes (polyphyletic) cuckoos,
turacos, hoatzin Strigiformes owls, barn
owls Caprimulgiformes (para- or polyphyletic)
goatsuckers frogmouths, potoos, nighthawks,
owlet-nightjars, oilbirds Apodiformes crested
swifts, swifts, hummingbirds Coliiformes
mousebirds (colies) Trogoniformes
trogons Coraciiformes (probably polyphyletic)
kingfishers, todies, motmots, bee-eaters,
rollers, cuckoo-roller, ground rollers,
hornbills, hoopoes, wood-hoopoes Piciformes
Pici woodpeckers, toucans, barbets,
honeyguides Galbulae puffbirds,
jacamars Passeriformes perching birds, 60
families Suboscines - mostly Southern
Hemisphere except flycatchers Oscines
songbirds, worldwide
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Gruiformes - cranes, rails and their
allies Gruidae - cranes Aramidae -
limpkin Psophiidae - trumpeters Rallidae - rails,
coots, crakes Heliornithidae - sungrebe and
finfoots Turnicidae - hemipodes or
buttonquails Pedionomidae - Australian
plains-wanderer Otididae - bustards Cariamidae
- seriemas Rhynochetidae - kagu Eurypygidae -
sunbittern Mesitornithidae - mesites, monias,
roatelos
(polyphyletic!)!
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Gruidae - cranes 14 spp. Worldwide except South
America large, long legs, long extended neck,
broad wings, tertial plumes, short tail,
elaborate courtship displays, some with coiled
trachea
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Gruiformes Rallidae - rails, coots, crakes,
gallinules, flufftails, etc. 196 spp.
worldwide small to medium sized, strong legs,
short rounded wings, most inhabit wetlands, many
cryptic, barred flanks, others brightly
colored good dispersers but pooir fliers, many
spp. flightless especially on oceanic islands
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Gruiformes Rallidae - rails, coots, crakes,
gallinules, flufftails, etc. 196 spp.
worldwide small to medium sized, strong legs,
short rounded wings, most inhabit wetlands, many
cryptic, barred flanks, others brightly
colored good dispersers but pooir fliers, many
spp. flightless especially on oceanic islands
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True Gruiformes
Gruidae - cranes Rallidae - rail, etc.
Aramidae - Limpkin 1 sp. Central and South
American marshlands closest relative of cranes,
dietary specialist on snails
Psophiidae -trumpeters 3 spp, South American
forests next closest relative of cranes probably
resembles ancestral Gruiform
Heliornithidae - sungrebe and finfoots, 3 spp.
Pantropical, foot propelled divers, lobe-finned
toes, stiff tail
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other Gruiformes
Otididae - bustards 23 spp Old World plains and
savannahs, medium to large, terrestrial
Cariamidae - seriemas 2 spp. SouthAmerica long
legs, talons, long tail, predators of snakes,
terrestrial
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Gruiformes (that are really Charadriiformes)
Turnicidae - buttonquails and hemipodes, 15 spp.
Old World
Pedionomidae - Australian Plains-wanderer 1sp.
Australia
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Gruiformes (that are really Metaves)
Eurypygidae - sunbittern 1 sp. South America
Rhynochetidae - kagu 1 sp. New Caledonia
Mesitornithidae - mesites, monias, roatelos 3 spp
Madagascar
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Charadriiformes -
shorebirds Plover-like families Burhinidae -
stone curlews and thick knees 9 spp. nearly
worldwide except No. America Chionididae -
sheathbills 2 spp. High latitudes of So. America
and Antarctica Ibidorhynchidae - ibisbill 1
spp. Himalyas Charadriidae - plovers 63 spp.
worldwide, including Haematopodidae -
oystercatchers 6 spp. coasts worldwide
Recurvirostridae - avocets and stilts 7 spp.
nearly worldwide Gull-like families Laridae
- gulls and terns 82 spp worldwide, inlcuding
Rynchopidae - skimmers 3 spp.
Stercoraridae - jaegers and skuas 5 spp. high
latitudes both hemispheres Alcidae - auks,
puffins, guillemots, high latitudes Northern
Hemisphere Dromadidae - crab plover 1 spp.
Persian Gulf to Madagascar Sandpiper-like
families Scolopacidae - sandpipers 82 spp.
worldwide, including Phalaropidae -
phalaropes 3 spp high latitudes Northern
Hemisphere Jacanidae - jacanas and
lilly-trotters 7 spp. pantropical
Rostratulidae - painted snipes 3 spp. high
latitudes South America and Africa
Thinocoridae - seed snipes 4 spp .South America
Pedionomidae - plains wanderer (traditionally
Gruiformes) 1 sp. Australia Glareolidae
-coursers and pratincoles 16 spp. Old World
Turnicidae - buttonquails (traditionally
Gruiformes) 15 spp Old World and in some
classifications Pteroclididae - sandgrouses
(actually Metaves)
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Charadriiformes - Plover-like families
Charadriidae - plovers 63 spp. worldwide small
cursorial, tridactyl, short insensitive bill,
short legs nest on bare ground, speckled eggs,
disruptive coloration, some polyandrous, young
precocial, migratory
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Recurvirostridae - avocets and stilts 7 spp.
nearly worldwide, long legs
Charadriiformes - Plover-like families
Charadriidae - paraphyletic to
Haematopodidae - oystercatchers 6 spp. coasts
worldwide, polymorphic, eat molluscs
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other Plover-like families
Chionididae - sheathbills 2 spp. high latitudes
of So. America and Antarctica, stocky scavengers
of offal in seal and bird colonies, white,
tridactyl, rhamphothecal sheath over nostrils
Burhinidae - stone curlews and thick knees 9 spp.
nearly worldwide except No. America,
tridactyl stocky, large eyes, nocturnal, cursorial
Ibidorhynchidae - ibisbill 1 spp. Himalya high
mountain streams
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Laridae - 85 spp. narrow wings, palmate feet,
hind toe present, colonial nesters, usually nest
on bare substrate, biparental care, speckled
eggs, migratory Larinae - gulls, curved bills,
black headed and white headed groups, piscivorous
and opportunistic Sterninae - Sterninae, terns,
piscivorous, plunge divers, straight bills,
virgin coasts and island Rynchopinae - skimmers,
piscivorous, hypertrophied mandible, shallow
coasts and rivers, sandy beaches
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Charadriiformes - other Gull-like families
Alcidae - auks, puffins, guillemots, 21 spp. high
latitudes Northern Hemisphere, stocky,
wing-propelled divers, black and white, bill
ornaments, resemble penguins, eat fish and
molluscs, pelagic, colonial, nest on cliffs, in
crevices, or in burrows on remote islands, eggs
conical
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Charadriiformes - other Gull-like families
Stercoraridae - jaegers and skuas 5 spp., high
latitudes both hemispheres, pelagic,
kleptoparasitic and predatory, hooked bill,
elongated central tail feathers
Dromadidae - crab plover 1 spp. Persian Gulf to
Madagascar
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Charadriiformes - Sandpiper-like
families Scolopacidae - sandpipers 82 spp.
worldwide, -cursorial, sensitive bills, probe
sand or mud for invertebrates, nest on bare
ground, some polyandrous, greagrious but not
colonial, migratory, spotted eggs, young
precocial, paraphyletic to Phalaropidae
Phalaropidae - phalaropes 3 spp high latitudes
Northern Hemisphere, pelagic and inland lakes,
lobe-finned toes
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Other Sandpiper-like families
Jacanidae - jacanas and lilly-trotters 7 spp.
Pantropical, hypertrophied feet, spurred wings,
reversed sex roles, precocial young
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Other Sandpiper-like families
Rostratulidae - painted snipes 3 spp. high
latitudes South America and Africa Nocturnal,
decurved droopy highly sensitive bill
Thinocoridae - seed snipes 4 spp .South America
upland granivores
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Other Sandpiper-like families
Glareolidae -coursers and pratincoles 16 spp.
Old World
Pratincoles - short billed, long pointed wings,
forked tail, aerial insectivores
Coursers - longer billed, long legs, cursorial,
terrestrial insectivores
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Pteroclididae - sandgrouse (Metaves) the alleged
link between shorebirds and doves - often
included in Charadriiformes or Columbiformes or
Pteroclidiformes 16 spp. Deserts of Middle East,
Africa, introduced widely, specialized feathers
on male for transportation of water to nestlings

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Columbiformes (Metaves) Columbidae - pigeons and
doves (Metaves) 284 spp. Worldwide terrestrail
and arboreal, large breast, short narrow wings,
rapid strong flight, short legs, anisodactyl,
produce pigeons milk - esophageal secretion for
feeding of young, sexually monomorphic,
monogamous, biparental care, large platform nest
of sticks in trees or cliff, use wings in combat
(like tinamous), some gregarious, others
solitary, eats seeds, fruit, and some
invertebrates
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Columbiformes (Metaves) Raphidae - dodos,
extinct, large, flightless, Madagascar and
Mauritius