Environmental Laws Focusing on Marine Pollution

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Environmental LawsFocusing on Marine Pollution
Dong Sik Woo, Prof. Thomas Grigalunas and Timothy
Reitz University of Rhode island Dr. Dong-Hyun
Choi, Korea Maritime Institute Lotte
Hotel Seoul Korea October 14, 2003
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Issues, Laws and Policy Instruments

• Issues
• Water Quality in Coastal Waters
• Loss of Habitat and Restoration
• Non-Native Species
• Climate Change and Coastal Effects
• Transboundary Resource Issues
• Dredging and Dredge disposal

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Purpose

• Review Major Environmental Laws (Acts)
• Focus on Federal Laws
• Interagency and Federal-State Coordination
• Role of NonGovernment Organizations (NGOs)

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Example Acts Considered

• National Environmental Protection
• Clean Water Act
• CERCLA (Superfund)
• Oil Pollution Act of 1990
• Pollution Prevention Act
• Coastal Zone Management Act
• Marine Resource Protection Act

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Policy Instruments

• Incentive- and Regulatory-Based
• Liability for Damages, penalties, subsidies,
  technical assistance
• Discharge limits (TDML), technology
  standards, zoning, etc.
• Public Information and Participation
• Licenses and Permits
• Combination

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Case Studies

• Oil Spill
• Dredging and Dredge Disposal
• Power Plant Cooling Water Intake

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No. Cape Oil Spill

• Winter Storm, January 1996
• Barge ran aground
• 800,000 gallons light fuel oil spilled
• Heavily oiled beach, coastal ponds

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Selected Damages/Restoration

• Lost Earnings to Fishermen
• Based on estimated losses in affected area
• V Notch and Return lobster females to ocean
• Acquire bird habitat (loons)
• Clean coastal ponds and buy nearby land
• US 35 million

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Dredging Dredge DisposalBackground Issues

• Project Dredge 5.1 million cubic yds
• Impacts of Dredging on Essential Fish Habitat
• Choice of Marine Dredge Disposal Site

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Dredge Channel
Location of Proposed Dredging
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Plume
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T
T-L
t0L
of Age Classes Present
t0
T
t0L
T-L
Larval Abundance over the Period of Larval
Presence
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Case 1.
Larval Presence
Dredging
Impacted Larvae
T
d0
t0
dT
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Case 2.
Larval Presence
Dredging
Impacted Larvae
T
d0
t0
dT
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Case 3.
Larval Presence
Impacted Larvae
Dredging
T
d0
t0
dT
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Loss of Food Resources
Long Term Lost Catch During Recovery
Mortality of Recreational Commercial Species
Indirect Reduced Biomass Off Site
Short Term Lost Catch During Disposal
5.1 mcy
Figure 2. Categories of Losses
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Short Term, Long-term and Food Web Effects
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