Pollution and solution

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Pollution and solution
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Pollution and Solutions

• Visual pollution and solutions
• Air pollution and solutions
• Water pollution and solutions
• Thermal pollution and solutions
• Noise pollution and solutions
• Land pollution and solutions
• Case study in HK

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Water Pollution

• Earth's surface is covered by 70 water, so why
  fuss over protecting water?

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The major sources of water pollution

• Organic pollution
• Agricultural pollution
• Runoff, toxic waste
• Thermal pollution.
• --- excessive enrichment of a
  lake, etc. with nutrients, resulting in growth of
  organisms and depletion oxygen.

Eutrophication
Eutrophication
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Water pollution

• more water pollution
• more pressing on the environment
• Waste that come from the sewage plant encourage
  the growth of algae.
• Overgrowth of algae water soon becomes
  algae ridden and oxygen depleted.

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Water pollution

• Toxic waste comes from industrial plants.
• industrial processes heavy metals
• lead, copper, cadmium, iron and others
• released into the water.
• poisoned the marine organisms

Heavy Industries
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Water pollution
Consequences

• Harm our health
• Destroy the ecosystem
• Endanger the livelihood of the fishermen
• Affect the tourism

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Noise pollution

• unwanted and damaging sound that pollute the
  environment.

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The major sources of noise pollution

• Aircraft taking off and landing at the airport.
• Traffic.
• Machinery on construction sites, particularly
  drills and pile-drivers.
• Factory machinery.
• Air-conditioning.
• Discotheque music, radio, cassette-recorder,
  television sets, etc.

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Noise pollution
Consequences

• Make people nervous
• Damage peoples hearing
• Lower the living standard

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Land pollution

• Urban development can higher our living standard.
  However over development may create a lot of
  waste

Land pollution
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Land pollution
Reasons

• littering
• illegal dumping of domestic waste
• Agricultural activities
• industrial development
• Construction waste

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Domestic waste

• use of plastic bags
• Use of non-recycling products
• Illegal littering

Agricultural activities

• excessive use of pesticides and herbicides
  
• make the soil become infertile
• Illegal timbering
• Shifting cultivation

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Industrial development

• Chemical wastes
• Illegal littering of the by-product during the
  production

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Land pollution
Consequences

• Disturb the living of the habitants
• Harm the human health
• Bring adverse effect to tourism

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Visual pollution

• The poor organized landscape of the cities
• Formed by the poor arrangement of the urban
  settlements.
• Buildings
• Roads
• others infrastructures,etc.

Example
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Visual pollution
Reasons

• The weak urban planning.
• the mixed land use may be occurred (the
  residential land use being too close with the
  industrial land use)
• The underestimated speed of urbanization.
• the government cannot makes response to
  the urbanization to reach the development of the
  cities.

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Visual pollution

• Poor living standard.
• The poor landscape would affect the tourism.
  (Landscape is one of the important elements
  affect the tourists decision)

Consequences
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Air pollution

• concentrations of certain substances
• high enough to pollute the atmospheric
  environment.
• Air Pollution occur

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Main sources of pollutants

• sulphur dioxide
• nitrogen oxides
• carbon monoxide
• Carbon dioxide
• Suspended particulates

                                                 
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Sources of Air Pollution

• Traffic
• Factories
• Air conditioner
• Incinerators
• Power stations

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Air Pollution
Consequence

• Low level of visibility
• Acid Rain
• smog
• greenhouse effect Global warming
• respiratory sickness

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Solution for Air Pollution

• Government
• Planning
• relocate stationary sources of air
• pollution away from the main urban
• areas  
• 2. Legislation
• Air Pollution Control Regulations
• Air Quality Control Zones

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• 3. Monitoring and detection
• stations to measure the amount of
• the air pollutants
• 4. Advice and education
• Free advice
• Environmental education to citizens
• Air Pollution Index (API) are provided
• to public

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• Citizen
• Improve in engineering
• desulphurization system
• unleaded petrol
• Report polluting vehicles to the police
• Cut down the use of electricity
• Use mass public transport

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Solution for Water Pollution

• Legislation
• Water Pollution Control Regulations
• Water Control zones
• The livestock waste control scheme
• Construction of sewage collection systems and
  sewage treatment works
• Monitoring
• Monitoring station close supervision

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• Citizen
• 1. Cut down the use of water
• 2. Use less cleansers when washing
• Never throw rubbish into the sea or
• river

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Solution for Noise Pollution

• Legislation
• Noise Control Regulations
• Planning
• Guidance to planners aircraft,
  traffic,
• railways, fixed noise
  sources
• Better design and equipment for noise insulation
• Double glazing
• Roadside noise barriers

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• Citizen
• 1. Report case to police
• Keep noise at low level
• TV, Hi-Fi, party

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Solution for Land Pollution

• Landfills
• Recycling of materials
• Education to the public
• Citizen
• 1. Reuse scrap paper and plastic bag
• 2. Use recycled material

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Case Study
Hong Kong

• Air pollution
• Noise pollution
• Water pollution
• Land pollution
• Visual pollution

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Case study
Reasons

• Densely populated
• Common in owning private cars
• Limited Space
• Lack of well-planning
• Not complete legislation
• Rapid development
• Lack of civism

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air pollution

• Types of pollution
• 1. Primary Pollutants Consists of materials
  dust, gases, liquids and other solids that enter
  the atmosphere through natural and human-made
  events.
• 2. Industrial Smog
• Under the right conditions, the smoke and
  sulfur dioxide produced from the burning of coal
  can combine with fog to create INDUSTRIAL SMOG

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Reasons

• Heavy traffic flow in busy hours, especially in
  CBD.
• Intensive Air conditioning
• The industries release harmful smog

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Measures in HK

• Educate the people use the mass-public transport.
• Establish the electronic railway system
• Monitor the situation of Hong Kong air
• The monitoring station are widely
  distributed in Hong Kong.
• There are totally eleven general stations
  and three roadside stations.

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Land pollution

• Background
• high population density city.
• large amount of population release a large
  amount of solid waste.
• requires a large area of land to accumulate
• land pollution occur

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Measures in HK

• Educate people reduce the use of plastic bags
• Government educate people to categorize the
  rubbish
• Advocate recycling acts by funding

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Noise pollution

• Background
• high population density city makes the noise
  pollution worse
• heavy traffic flow
• air conditioning or the mix of the music and
  television
• Effects
• harm to social harmony

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Measures in HK

• After 1996, the government moved to the new place
  for the airport which far from the towns
• Educate and regulate the people to reduce the
  noise

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Water pollution

• Background
• large amount of solid waste and sewage produced
• the reclamations in Hong Kong are vigorous
• dredging project before reclamation
• Reasons
• Large amount of sewage and solid waste
• Intensive Reclamation activities

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Measures in HK

• The water Pollution Control Regulations
• The livestock waste control scheme
• Sewage treatment plants
• Charge the mediate sewage fee

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Conclusion

• Industrialization
• Urbanization
• Densely populated
• Every citizen should pay their effort to
• keep Hong Kong clean

Pollution