WATER and WATER POLLUTION

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WATER and WATER POLLUTION

• Water - Fresh vs. Salt (and everything in
  between)
• Water Cycle
• Water Quality Indicators
• Water Pollution - point and non-point
• Water Conservation
• Water Environmental Disasters

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Where is the Water?
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The Water Cycle
..Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation,
Runoff, Infiltration, Transpiration..
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Use of water in the U.S.
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How can we (you) conserve water?

• List at least three ways.
• A person needs (wants) about 1 gallon water/day
  for hydration
• In the US each person uses about 188 gallons/day
• An additional 657 gallons/person/day are used for
  irrigation, industrial use.

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Kinds of Water Pollution

• Inorganic Pollutants - petroleum, phosphorus,
  nitrates, heavy metals, radioactive materials
• Organic Pollutants - Pesticides and Herbicides,
  Materials for common household and industrial use
• Biologic Pollutants - invasive species in the
  water

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Scale of Pesticide Use in US

• Since 1959 50-fold increase in pesticide use
• Most present pesticides are 10-100 x more toxic
  than those used in 1050s
• About 25 of pesticide use in US is in houses,
  gardens, lawns, parks, swimming pools, and golf
  courses
• Average lawn receives 10x more pesticides than
  equivalent area of cropland

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Pesticides

• Each year about 250,000 people are admitted to
  hospitals and/or emergency rooms with pesticide
  poisoning
• They last and last (persistence)
• So why use them??

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Balance the good and bad?

• Save human lives (malaria, bubonic plague,
  typhoid fever)
• Increase food supplies (even now 55 of worlds
  potential food supply is lost to other species)
• Increase profit for farmers (1investment è4
  increased profit
• Balance good and bad?????? Can it be
  regulated????

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Water Quality

• Biological - bacteria, micro and macro
  invertebrates, animal and plant life
• Chemical - pH, nitrates, phosphates, DO
• Physical- turbidity, solids

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Point and Nonpoint Sources of Water Pollution
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Ocean pollution

• Dumping Waste
• Oil spills

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Water Treatment
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New Technologies in Water Treatment
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Solutions to water pollution and shortage

• Prevent groundwater contamination
• Greatly reduce nonpoint runoff
• Reuse treated wastewater for irrigation
• Find substitutes for toxic pollutants
• Work with nature to treat sewage
• Practice four R's of resource use (refuse,
  reduce, recycle, reuse)
• Reduce resource waste
• Reduce air pollution
• Reduce poverty
• Reduce birth rates

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Water Environmental Disasters

• Groundwater Contamination (like in Erin
  Brockovichs PG and E, Hinkley)
• Oil Spills (Exxon Valdez)
• Overfishing

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Groundwater Contamination
Love Canal - 1970s, PGE - 1990s
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Biggest Oil Spills
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Worst Oil Spills in United States (and these
dont make the top ten in the world)

• Deepwater Horizon (Gulf Coast 2010, 200,000
  gallons a day)
• Exxon Valdez (Alaska 1989. 10 gallons)

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