Transactional, Transformational, and Charismatic Leadership

1
Transactional, Transformational, and Charismatic
Leadership

• Conger Kanungo (1987)
• Kuhnert Lewis (1987)
• Judge Piccolo (2004)

2
Agenda 7/6/05

• Questions, Comments, and Concerns?
• Organization and Societal Leadership
• Transactional Leadership
• Transformational Leadership
• Charismatic Leadership
• Break
• TRP 8
• Concluding Remarks

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Questions, Comments, or Concerns?

• When Can Leaders Be Effectively Substituted?

4
Contact Information

• Foster College of Business
• Bradley University
• arwheeler_at_bradley.edu

5
Turn in SAP 8

• Please Pass to the Aisle and then Pass Forward
• Thanks

6
Organizational and Societal Theories of Leadership

• Seek Broad Explanation of Leader and Follower
  Behavior
• Inclusive of Leader and Follower Characteristics
• Inclusive of Situational and Organizational
  Constraints
• Best of the Old and New
• Great Man Plus Organizational Influences

7
Transactional Leadership

• Originally Included in Transformational
  Leadership (Bass, 1985)
• Back to Behavior Modification and Skinner
• Transactional Leader Behaviors
• Contingent Reward Behavior
• Management by Exception
• Active Management by Exception
• Laissez-Faire
• Combined Positive Empirical Support, Especially
  Contingent Reward

8
Transformational Leadership

• Bass (1985)
• Defined by Leaders Effect on Followers
• Trust, Admiration, Loyalty, Respect, and
  Motivation
• Leader Transforms Followers
• Awareness of Importance of Outcomes
• Transcend Self-Interests
• Activate Higher Order Needs

• Leader Behaviors
• Idealized Influence (Charisma)
• Individualized Consideration
• Inspirational Motivation
• Intellectual Stimulation
• Charisma is Necessary but not Sufficient
• Bound by Organizational Culture
• Moderate Empirical Support

9
Shaping Culture through Transformational
Leadership

• Leaders Act as Change Agents to Develop
  Organizational Culture
• Primary Mechanisms
• Focus Attention
• React to Crisis
• Act as Role Model
• Allocate Resources
• Establish Hire/Fire Criteria

• Secondary Mechanisms
• Design Systems and Policies
• Design Organizational Structure
• Design Facilities
• Stories, Legends, and Myths
• Formal Statements
• The Founding Father Effect

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Charismatic Leadership

• Charisma Divinely Inspired Gift
• Unclear Interaction between Leader Attributes,
  Follower Perceptions, and Situational Constraints
• Pro-Social or Pro-Self Charismatic Leaders
• Desire to Serve Self-Interests over the
  Establishment of Achievement Oriented Cultures

11
Charismatic Leader Influence

• Leader Characteristics
• High nPow and Self Esteem
• Strong Positive Impression Management
• Articulate Ideological Vision
• Role Models
• Communicate High Expectations
• Arouse Motivation

• Follower Attributions
• Non Status Quo Vision
• Unconventional Methods
• Self-Sacrificing
• Confident and Assured
• Rational Persuasion and Inspirational Appeals
• Flash in the Pan
• Charismatic Leaders are Change Agents at Pivotal
  Moments

12
Break

• 20 Minute Break

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TRP 8
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Concluding Remarks

• What Does it Take to Be a Leader?
• Does Leadership Matter?
• Do Organizations Want or Need Leaders?
• What Kinds of Leaders Are Needed?