Transformational Leadership Approach

1
Transformational Leadership Approach

• AGED 3153

2
Be gentle and you can be bold be frugal and you
can be liberal avoid putting yourself before
others and you can become a leader among men.

• Lao Tzu

3
Overview

• Transformational leadership approach perspective
• A model of TL
• TL factors
• Full range of leadership model
• Additive effects of TL
• Other transformational leadership perspectives
• How does the transformational approach work?

4
Transactional vs. Transforming

• Burns
• Occurs when one person takes the initiative in
  making contact with others for the purpose of an
  exchange of valued things
• Occurs when one or more persons engage with
  others in such a way that leaders and followers
  raise one another to higher levels of motivation
  and morality

5
Pseudotransformational

• Personalized leadership
• Describes leaders who are transforming, but in
  negative ways
• Leaders who are
• self-consumed
• Exploitive
• Power oriented
• Warped moral values
• Examples
• Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Jim Jones

6
Transformational Leadership Approach Description

• New leadership paradigm 1980s
• Treats followers as complete human beings
• assessment of motives
• satisfying their needs
• Moves followers to accomplish beyond expectations
• often incorporates charismatic and visionary
  leadership

7
Transformational Leadership Approach Description

• emotions
• values
• ethics
• standards
• long-term goals
• Leader plays pivotal role in precipitating change
• Followers and leaders are bound in the process

8
Types of Leadership DefinedBurns (1978)

• Attempted to link roles of leadership and
  followership
• Two types of leadership
• Transformational

9
Charisma

• House - 1976
• theory of charismatic leadership
• A special gift select individuals possess that
  gives them the capacity to do extraordinary
  things
• Unique personal behavioral characteristics

• Weber - 1947
• Charisma
• personality characteristic
• gives superhuman/ exceptional powers
• reserved for a few
• is of divine origin
• person treated as a leader
• Followers play role in validating charisma

10
Model of Transformational LeadershipBass (1985)

• Expanded and refined original version
• More attention to followers needs
• Motivates followers beyond the expected by
• raising consciousness
• transcending self-interest
• addressing higher-level needs
• Incorporates seven factors

11
Leadership Factors
Transactional
Transformational
Nonleadership
Factor 6 Mgmt. by Exception Active
Passive Corrective Transactions
Factor 4 Individualized Consideration
12
Transformational Leadership Factors

• Individualized Influence
• Charisma
• Describes leaders
• who act as strong role models for followers
• Leader behaviors
• increase moral/ ethical conduct standards
• do the right thing
• provide vision and sense of mission

• Inspirational Motivation
• Inspiration
• Describes leaders
• who communicate high expectations
• Leader behaviors
• use symbols/ emotional appeals to focus group
• enhanced team spirit

13
Transformational Leadership Factors

• Indiv. Consideration
• Describes leaders
• provide a supportive climate
• Leader behaviors
• coaching advising
• assist individuals in becoming self-actualized
• use delegation

• Intellectual Stimulation
• Describes leaders
• stimulate followers to be creative/ innovative
• Leader behaviors
• challenge beliefs and values
• supports thinking on own
• careful problem solving

14
Transformational Leaders

• Leaders who exhibit TL
• have a strong set of values ideals
• are effective in motivating followers to support
  greater good over self-interest

15
Transactional Leadership Factors

• Management by Exception
• involves corrective criticism,
• negative feedback,
• negative reinforcement
• Two forms
• watch followers closely
• identify mistakes/ rule violations
• intervenes only after standards have not been met
  or problems have arisen

• Contingent Reward
• exchange process
• Effort by followers is exchanged for specified
  rewards

16
Nonleadership Factor

• Laissez-Faire
• The absence of leadership.
• hands-off, let-things-ride approach
• Refers to a leader who
• abdicates responsibility
• delays decisions
• gives no feedback
• makes little effort to help followers satisfy
  their needs

17
Full Range of Leadership Model
Effective
II
IM
IS
IC
CR
Active
Passive
MBE
LF
Ineffective
18
Additive Effect of TL
Transformational Leadership
Individualized Influence
Inspirational Motivation
Intellectual Stimulation
Individualized Consideration



Transactional Leadership
Contingent Reward
Performance Beyond Expectations

Expected Outcomes
Management by Exception
19
Other Transformational Perspectives

• Bennis Nanus (1985)
• Four Leader Transformation Strategies
• Clear vision of organizations future state
• believable future
• Social architect of organization
• shape/form shared meetings
• Create trust in organization
• make position known and stand by it
• Creatively deploy themselves through positive
  self-regard
• know strengths weaknesses and emphasizes
  strengths

20
Other Transformational Perspectives

• Kouzes and Posner
• Five fundamental practices
• Model the way
• Inspire a shared vision
• Challenge the process
• Enable others to act
• Encourage the heart

21
How does the transformational leadership approach
work?
22
Focus of TL

• Describes how leaders can initiate, develop, and
  carry out significant changes in organizations
• Focus of Transformational Leaders
• empower and nurture followers
• stimulate change by becoming strong role models
  for followers
• create a vision
• act as change agents
• are social architects

23
What are the strengths of transformational
leadership?
24
What are the weaknesses of transformational
leadership?
25
How do we apply transformational leadership?
26
Summary

• Describes how leaders can initiate, develop, and
  carry out significant changes in organizations
• Focus of Transformational Leaders
• empower and nurture followers
• stimulate change by becoming strong role models
  for followers
• create a vision
• act as change agents
• are social architects

27
Summary

• Two types of leadership
• Transactional
• Transformational
• Treats followers as complete human beings
• Moves followers to accomplish beyond expectations
• often incorporates charismatic and visionary
  leadership

28
Summary

• Motivates followers beyond the expected by
• raising consciousness
• transcending self-interest
• addressing higher-level needs