Lutheran Hymnwriters

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Lutheran Hymnwriters

• Gracia Grindal

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Martin Luther 1483-1546

• Hymns should be in language and music of people
• Should be sermons
• Priesthood of all believers in that everyone
  preaches to everyone

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Apology to the Augsburg Confession

• Ceremonies should be observed both so that
  people may learn the Scriptures and so that,
  admonished by the Word, they might experience
  faith and fear and finally even pray. For these
  are the purposes of the ceremonies. We keep the
  Latin for the sake of those who learn and
  understand it. We also use German hymns in order
  that the common people might have something to
  learn something that will arouse their faith and
  fear. (Apology of the Augsburg Confession,
  XXIV The Mass 4, p 258.i
• i

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Eras of Lutheran Hymnody

• Martin Luther 1483-1546
• Martin Luthers Contemporaries
• Orthodoxy 1546-1675
• Pietism 1675-1750
• Rationalism 1750-1800
• Romanticism 1800-1900
• Contemporary 1900--

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Martin Luther

• Sermons on Psalms
• 130Out of the Depths
• 46A Mighty Fortress
• Translated Latin hymns
• Kyrie Gott Vater
• Nunc dimittis
• Wrote his own teaching hymns
• Nun freut euch
• Singing Catechism
• Deutsche Messe

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Luthers Hymns

• Psalms 228, 229, 295
• Latin Translations 48, 134, 163, 215, 317, 335,
  350, Originals 51, 230, 299, 308,
• Singing Catechism
• 79, 374, 442
• Deutsche Messe
• 349, 374, 442, 528

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Luthers Contemporaries

• Nicolas Decius 1490-1541
• LBW 111, 166
• Lamb of God, Most Holy
• All Glory Be to God on High
• Paul Speratus 1484-1551
• LBW 297
• Salvation unto us has come
• Paul Eber 1511-1569
• LBW 303
• When in the Hour of Deepest Need

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Nicolaus Decius 1490-1541
Monk who heard about Luther studied at Leipzig
(B.A. 1506) and wrote first Lutheran texts and
tunes for new Lutheran service.

• Lamb of God, Pure and Sinless LBW 111
• All Glory be to God on High LBW 166

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Paul Eber 1511-1569

• When in the Hour of Deepest Need LBW 303

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Period of Orthodoxy 1546-1675

• Nicolaus Selnecker 1532-1592
• Paul Gerhardt 1606-1676
• Sweet Singer of Lutheranism
• O Sacred Head 116
• Awake My Heart 129
• Johann Heerman 1585-1647
• Ah! Holy Jesus 123
• Philip Nicolai 1556-1608
• King of ChoralesAwake, Awake
• Queen of ChoralesHow Lovely
• Martin Rinkhart 1586-1649
• Now Thank We All Our God

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Nicolaus Selnecker 1532-1592

• Taught by Bugenhagen, Eber, and Melanchthon
• Court chaplain in Dresden 1558
• Jena in 1565, dismissed because he was
  Gnesio-Lutheran in fight with Philippists
• University of Leipzig in 1572
• Lutheran church order of Oldenburg
• Pastor at St. Thomas Church, established the
  Thomas Choir
• Helped write the Formula of Concord, 1577
• Christliche Psalmen, Lieder and Kirchengesenge
  (1587)
• Hymns of Prayer, not testimony

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Martin Schalling 1532-1608

• Lord, Thee I Love With all My Heart LBW 325

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Philip Nicolai 1556-1608

• Studied in Wittenberg, Erfurt
• FreudensSpiegel des ewigen Lebens
• Unna, in Wesphalia
• Hamburg, St. Catherines
• History of the Kingdom of Christ
• Theoria vitae aeternae historische Beschreibung
  dess gantzen Geheimnuss vom ewigen Leben 1606
• LBW 31, 76

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Johann Crüger 1598-1662

• Organist Nikolai Church in Berlin
• LBW 23, 46, 123, 129, 133, 167, 185, 203, 224,
  254, 340, 457, 533, 534

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Nicolai Church in Berlins Nicolai Quarter
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Johann Altenberg 1584-1630

• Do Not Despair, O Little Flock LBW 361
• Kommt her zu mir
• Supposedly sung by King Gustavus Adolphus, the
  Swedish king, before battle of Lützen outside of
  Leipzig

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Johann Heermann 1585-1647

• LBW 123, 380, 504

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Martin Rinkhart 1586-1649

• Now Thank We all Our God
• LBW 533, 534

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Johann H. Schein 1586-1630

• Studied law, theology, philosphy at Leipzig
• Cantor at Thomaskirche, Leipzig 1615-1630
• Great influence on development of chorale
• Hymnal--Cantional, oder Gesangbuch Augsburgischer
  Confession, Leipzig, 1627

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Josua Stegmann 1588-1632

• Born in Thuringia
• Studied at Leipzig
• Professor of Theology
• Abide With Us, Our Savior LBW 263

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Heinrich Albert 1604-1651

• Composer born in Lobenstein
• Studied law in Leipzig
• Wrote arias of Simon Dachs texts
• Most representative lieder of 17th century
• Maker of the Earth and HeavenLBW 266

22
Michael Schirmer 1606-1673

• Born in Leipzig where he studied
• Became imperial poet 1637
• Retired early because of bad health
• Good friend of Paul Gerhardt
• O Holy Spirit, Enter In LBW 459

23
Johann Rist 1606-1667

• Born near Hamburg
• Pastor and physician
• Loved by his people
• Poet Laureate
• Tried to unite Calvinism and Lutheranism
• LBW 197

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Paul Gerhardt 1607-1676

• LBW 23, 46, 105, 116, 117, 129, 276, 282, 336,
  454, 465

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Paul Gerhardts Birthplace

• Gräfenheinichen

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Statue in Gräfenheinichen
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Nicolai Church in Berlins Nicolai Quarter
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Gerhardts Hymns used by Bach in his cantatas

• O Lord, How Shall I Meet You LBW 23
• Once Again My Heart Rejoices LBW 46
• A Lamb Goes Uncomplaining Forth LBW 105
• O Sacred Head Now Wounded LBW 117
• Awake My Heart LBW 129

• Now all the Woods are Sleeping LBW 276, 282
• Jesus, Thy Boundless Love to Me LBW 336
• If God Himself Be For Me LBW 454
• Evening and Morning LBW 465

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Lübben Church
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When he died, after terrible suffering, his
people wrote beneath his portrait, A theologian
sifted in the crib of Satan
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Tobias Clausnitzer 1619-1684

• Attended Leipzig University
• Chaplain of Swedish unit during Thirty Years War
• Preaches in Thomaskirche when Christina becomes
  Queen of Sweden
• Dearest Jesus, At Your Word LBW 248

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Georg Neumark 1621-1682

• If you but Trust in God to Guide You

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Thomas Hansen Kingo 1634-1703

• Bishop of Odense
• 102, 194, 220, 470
• The great Orthodox hymn writer of Denmark
• Compiler of Denmarks first great hymnal 1699

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Johann Scheffler 1624-1677

• Mystical piety sent him back to Roman church
• LBW 455, 502

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Period of Pietism 1675-1750

• Jacob Phillip Spener 1675
• Pious Desires
• August Hermann Franke
• Founded Halle University, orphanage
• J. A. Freylinghausen
• Geistreiches Gesang Buch 1704, 1714, 1739

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Halle University

• Printing Press
• Musicians
• Libraries
• Orphanages
• Missionaries

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Jacob Philip Spener 1635-1705pia desideria
pious desires 1675

• Pastor in Frankfurt
• Wrote book as introduction to Johann Arndts True
  Christianity
• Began movement which swept Lutheran lands

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Practical Christianity

• Church discipline
• Established confirmation as time for conversion
  and spiritual reclaiming of faith
• Private devotional meetings

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Speners Proposals

• Thorough Bible study
• Priesthood of all believers
• Practical Christianity
• Love as center of ecumenical disputes
• Prayer and exemplary conduct

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Theological training

• Seminary teachers should be moral, spiritual
  guides
• Sermons should be edifying rather that scholarly
  displays
• Students should read widely in edifying literature

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August Hermann Franke

• Speners student
• Builds orphanage at Halle
• Builds university
• Builds publishing house for hymnals and edifying
  books
• Sends out missionaries

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Results of Movement

• Institutions of Mercy
• Orphanage at Halle
• Education--
• University of Halle
• Missionaries
• Ziegenbalg to India
• Muhlenberg to America
• HymnalFreylinghausen Hymnal

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Results

• Thorough Bible study
• Priesthood of all believers
• Practical Christianity
• Love as center of ecumenical disputes
• Prayer and exemplary conduct

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J. A. Freylinghausen

• Edited hymnal of Halle Geistreiches Gesangbuch
  (1704, 1715, 1741)
• Most important hymnal to Pietists, Muhlenberg
  used a version of this hymnal

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Karl H. von Bogatzky 1690-1774

• Schleswig nobleman
• Studied at Halle
• Wrote edifying literature
• Health prevented him from working
• 1746 began living at Halle, had great influence
  on students
• LBW 382
• Mission hymns

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Jesus hymns popular

• Danish/NorwegianJesus for Thee and Thy Blessed
  Communion
• SwedishJesus, Lord and Blessed Savior
• GermanLet us Ever Walk with Jesus LBW 487

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Benjamin Schmolck 1672-1737

• LBW 187, 250

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Nicolaus von Zinzendorf 1700-1760

• Nobility
• Unusual aptitude for theology and piety
• Grandmother was scholar in Greek, Hebrew, Latin
• Attended Halle
• Wittenberg
• Wrote many hymns

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Zinzendorfs hymns

• Jesus , Your Blood and Righteousness 302
• Jesus, Still Lead On 340

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Zinzendorf started missions

• Greenland
• St. Croix
• Pennsylvania

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Moravians spread

• Herrnhut
• Christianfelt--Denmark
• Pennsylvania

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Muhlenberg

• Commissioned by A.H. Francke to serve united
  congregations in Pennsylvania
• Wrote back to Halle
• English king is from his home place in Hannover

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Muhlenberg s work

• Preached in Latin, English, German, Dutch
• Great catechist
• Great preacher
• Medical doctor
• Wrote Constitution
• Ecclesia Plantanda

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Organist, musician

• Nachricht (Journal) has hymns he used for every
  service
• Lots of Gerhardt, esp.

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Pietists in the North--Denmark

• Hans Adolf Brorson 1694-1764
• Thy Little Ones, Dear Lord are We LBW 52,
• Behold a Host Arrayed in White 314

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Anders Carl Ruström--Sweden 1721-1772

• Swedish pietist
• Sions Nya Sånger 1778
• Two hymns in Youths Favorite Songs by Swedish
  Augustana
• My Crucified Savior

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Period of Enlightenment 1750-1800

• Creation hymns, teaching
• Matthias Claudius 1740-1815
• We Plow the Fields and Scatter

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Johan Olof Wallin 1779-1839

• Swedish Hymnal 1819
• LBW 73, 432, 440

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Franz Michael Franzén 1772-1847

• Finn-Swede Uleåborg, Finland
• Studied in Åbo, Uppsala
• With Klopstock in Hamburg
• Pastor in Stockholm 1824
• Won Swedish Academys grand prize
• Ordained in 1803
• Bishop of Härnösand, Sweden 1834-1847
• Fought drunkenness in the north
• LBW 26, 496
• Colleague of Wallin

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Samuel Johan Hedborn 1783-1849

• Teacher
• Pastor in 1820
• Sickly, depressed
• Friend of Wallin
• Hymns are influenced by pietism and Moravians
• LBW 247

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Romantic Era 1800-1914

• Movements that seek to return
• Confessionally
• J. Nordahl Brun 1745-1816 LBW 227
• U. V. Koren 1826-1910
• LBW 256
• Pietist Evangelicalism
• Julia von Hausman 1825-1901 LBW 333
• Lina Sandell 1832-1903 LBW 474
• Restore liturgy
• Paul Z. Strodach 1876-1947
• LBW 143
• Wilhelm Loehe

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Nikolai Frederick Severin Grundtvig 1783-1872

• Danish Romantic theologian
• LBW 62, 75, 161, 193, 239, 338, 365

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Magnus Brostrup Landstad 1802-1880

• Compiled First Norwegian hymnal for Norwegians
• 1869
• Emigrants brought this with them

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Julia von Hausmann 1825-1901

• O Take My Hand Dear Father LBW 333

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Lina Sandell 1832-1903

• LBW 474, Children of the Heavenly Father
• Holy Wings, Day by Day

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Modern

• Heinz Werner Zimmerman 1931-
• LBW 476
• Jaroslav J. Vajda 1919
• LBW 159. 205, 278
• Svein Ellingsen 1929
• Anders Frostenson

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Anders Frostenson 1906-

• Swedens greatest modern hymnwriter
• Wanted hymn texts that were simple and
  non-theological, in the language of the people
• Gods Love is like the Grass
• In the Boat Sat Jesus

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Svein Ellingsen 1929-

• Norways most well known contemporary hymnwriter,
  on stipend from government

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Contemporary 1975--

• John Ylvisaker
• Marty Haugen
• Eyvind Skeie
• Lisbeth Smedegaard Andersen
• Ylva Eggehorn

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Lisbeth Smedegaard Andersen 1934

• Denmarks greatest current hymnwriter

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Eyvind Skeie 1947--

• Norways most prolific hymnwriter, interested in
  the Last things

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Anna-Mari Kaskinen

• Finlands most popular hymnwriter

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Lutheran hymnody

• Tends toward preaching of Scripture
• Addresses congregation
• Makes everyone preacher
• Focus is on the good news to the people, not on
  people praising God
• Always for indigenizing of music and texts
• Immediately translated into Scandinavian, Finnish
  languages, and tunes
• Worked to make the text and tune relevant to the
  peoples piety and times