Introduction to Plant Reproduction

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Introduction to Plant Reproduction

• Introduction to AgriScience and Technology

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Objective 1.1Define Propagation

• Propagation
• The reproduction of plants either sexually or
  asexually.

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Objective 1.2Define sexual reproduction and the
terms associated with it.

• Sexual Reproduction
• The union of the female and male sex cells to
  produce a seed (embryo).
  
• Ovule female sex cell.
• Pollen male sex cell.
• Embryo (seed-germ) an immature plant.
• Sexual reproduction involves the creation of a
  genetically new individual.

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Objective 1.3List and explain the different
types of seeds.

• Monocots
• Seeds with one seed leaf.
• Leaves have parallel veins.
• 1 solid seed.
• Stem vacular bundles scattered.
• Roots are adventitious
• Flowers in multiples of three.
• Pollen with single furrow or pore

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Dicots

• Seeds with 2 seed leaves or 2 cotyledons
• Veins are webbed.
• Pollen with three furrows or pores.
• Flowers parts in multiples of four or five.
• Stem vascular bundles in a ring.

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Monocots

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Dicot Leaf

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Dicot

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Objective 1.4List and explain the different
types of flowers.

• Complete
• Incomplete

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Complete Flowers

• Sepals
• The outer part of the flower.
• In open flowers, the sepals are found at the base
  of the plant.
  

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PetalsThe brightly colored, soft tissue that
attracts insects.

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Stamens

• The male part of the flower that has an anther at
  the end of it to produce pollen.

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Pistil

• Stigma
• The opening of the pistil.
• Style
• The tube-like structure that connects the stigma
  and ovary.
  
• Ovary
• The site of fertilization and growth of the seed.

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Stigma, Style Ovary

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Ovary

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Complete Flower
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Complete Flower

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Incomplete Flower

• An incomplete flower is one that lacks one or
  more of the four principal components identified
  in a complete flower.

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Objective 1.5Explain the difference between a
perfect and imperfect flower

• A perfect flower is one with both the stamen and
  pistil
  
• An imperfect flower is one that lacks one of the
  sex organs.

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Objective 1.6Define pollination, fertilization
and germination.

• Pollination
• The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
  of a flower of the same species.
  
• Fertilization
• The union of the pollen and ovule cells.
• Germination
• The sprouting of a seed.

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Objective 1.7Define asexual reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction
• The reproduction of a plant without the uniting
  of a pollen and ovule.
  
• Asexual reproduction is often referred to as
  vegetative propagation since no seed is involved
  in the formation of the new plant.
  
• It is known as a clone.
• Leaves, stems or roots may be used to grow a new
  plant.
  
• Produces a genetically identical plant.

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Objective 1.8List the benefits of vegetative
propagation.

• True traits of the parents
• Maintains genetic purity with
• 100 replication of parent plant.
• No seed
• Some plants do not produce a seed or the seeds
  are too small to work with.
  
• Accelerates the time it takes to get a new plant
  to the market
  
• Traditionally, it would take up to 40 years to
  get a new plant to the general public however,
  micropropagation can yield marketable levels of
  plants within 8 to 12 years.

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Objective 1.9List and explain the different
types of vegetative propagation.

• Layering
• Involves getting roots to grow from the stem.
  I.e., magnolia tree
  
• Cutting
• Using a short section of plant stems for
  propagation.
  
• Budding
• Taking a bud from one plant and moving it to
  another.
  
• Grafting
• Placing a section of a stem of one plant onto
  another plant.
  
• Tissue culture
• Taking a group of cells or a single cell and
  growing it to a plant.

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Layering

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Cutting

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Tissue Culture