Mapping our World

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Mapping our World

• Chap. 2

Latitude and Longitude 2.1 Types of Maps 2.2
Remote Sensing 2.3
2
Latitude and Longitude 2.1
Objectives

• Compare contrast latitude longitude
• Describe how time zones vary

3

• Cartography

Science of mapmaking
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• Locating objects on a sphere

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

(Lat fLat) These lines are horizontal and tell
how far North or South an object is
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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

• Equator drawn at center

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

• Equator drawn at center
• Lines are parallel

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

• Equator drawn at center
• Lines are parallel
• 90º N is at the north pole

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http//www.lakelandsd.com
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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

• Equator drawn at center
• Lines are parallel
• 90º N is at the north pole

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Practice Problem 1
The Earths circumference is about 40 000 km.
There are 360º in a circle. What is the distance
between degrees?
40 000 km
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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

• Equator drawn at center
• Lines are parallel
• 90º N is at the north pole
• Each latitude line is 111km

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Latitude

• Equator drawn at center
• Lines are parallel
• 90º N is at the north pole
• Each latitude line is 111km
• Degrees are divided into minutes and seconds.

1 º 60 1 60
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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Longitude

These are long. They go up and down and tell
how far East or West an object is
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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Longitude

• Travel through the poles

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Longitude

• Travel through the poles
• They are NOT parallel

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Longitude

• Travel through the poles
• They are NOT parallel
• The prime meridian is 0º longitude and goes
  through Greenwich, England

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• Locating objects on a sphere

• Longitude

• Travel through the poles
• They are NOT parallel
• The prime meridian is 0º longitude and goes
  through Greenwich, England
• On the opposite side of the globe the prime
  meridian is the International date line.

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Practice Problem 2
What is the distance between longitude degrees?
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• Time Zones

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• Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 zones

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Practice Problem 3
How many degrees for each time zone? (Remember
there is a total of 360º)
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(No Transcript)
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• Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 zones
• The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted

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• Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 zones
• The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted
• The International Date line marks a division
  between

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• Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 zones
• The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted
• The International Date line marks a division
  between

• When you cross this traveling West you add a
  calendar day

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• Time Zones

• The Earth is divided into 24 zones
• The dividing lines may be slightly adjusted
• The International Date line marks a division
  between

• When you cross this traveling West you add a
  calendar day
• When you cross this East you move the calendar
  back a day

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The End
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Types of Maps 2.2
Objectives

• Compare and contrast different map projections
• Analyze topographic maps
• Describe map characteristics, such as map scales
  and legends

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• Types of Maps

• Mercator Projections

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• Types of Maps

• Mercator Projections

• Map with parallel lines of latitude and longitude
• It distorts shapes

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Mercator Projection
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• Types of Maps

• Mercator Projections
• Conic Projections

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• Types of Maps

• Mercator Projections
• Conic Projections

• Made by projecting points and lines onto a cone
• Some object not distorted

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Conic Projection
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• Types of Maps

• Mercator Projections
• Conic Projections
• Gnomonic Projections

• Made by projecting points and lines to paper that
  touches globe at single point

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• Types of Maps

• Mercator Projections
• Conic Projections
• Gnomonic Projections

• Made by projecting points and lines to paper that
  touches globe at single point
• Useful for navigation

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Gnomonic Projection
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• Types of Maps

• Topographic Maps

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• Types of Maps

• Topographic Maps

• Contour lines

900
Drawn through places at the same elevation
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• Types of Maps

• Topographic Maps

• Contour lines
• Index contours

900
Labeled contour lines.
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• Types of Maps

• Topographic Maps

• Contour lines
• Index contours
• Depression contour lines have hachures

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• Other features

• Map Legends

Gives names of map features
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• Other features

• Map Legends
• Map Scales

Tells ratio of map distances to real distances
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Practice Problem 4
What is the distance from Buffalo to Albany?
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The End
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Remote Sensing 2.3
Objectives

• Compare contrast the different forms of
  radiation in the EM spectrum
• Describe how satellites and sonar are used to
  map Earths surface
• Describe the Global Positioning System

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• On-site observations

You go to the location you want to map
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• On-site observations
• Remote sensing

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• On-site observations
• Remote sensing

• Satellites are often used

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• On-site observations
• Remote sensing

• Satellites are often used
• The electromagnetic spectrum is used, too

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Electromagnetic Spectrum
Long waves
Short waves
Radio waves
Infra-red
Ultra-violet
Gamma rays
Micro-waves
Visible
X-rays
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• Satellites

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• Satellites

• Landsat Satellites

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• Satellites

• Landsat Satellites

• uses visible and infrared light

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• Satellites

• Landsat Satellites

• uses visible and infrared light
• measures light radiated by Earths surface

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• Satellites

• Landsat Satellites

• uses visible and infrared light
• measures light radiated by Earths surface
• useful for comparisons of landforms over time

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• Satellites

• Landsat Satellites

• uses visible and infrared light
• measures light radiated by Earths surface
• useful for comparisons of landforms over time
• images

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Black Hills Fire - 2000
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Mississippi Delta
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New Orleans before after
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• Satellites

• Topex/Poseidon Satellite

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• Satellites

• Topex/Poseidon Satellite

• uses high frequency radio waves

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• Satellites

• Topex/Poseidon Satellite

• uses high frequency radio waves
• looks at ocean surface, which indicates features
  of ocean floor

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• Satellites

• Topex/Poseidon Satellite

• uses high frequency radio waves
• looks at ocean surface, which indicates features
  of ocean floor
• studies tides and currents

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• Satellites

• Topex/Poseidon Satellite

• uses high frequency radio waves
• looks at ocean surface, which indicates features
  of ocean floor
• studies tides and currents
• images

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Southeastern US
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• Satellites

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

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• Satellites

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

• 24 satellites working together

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• Satellites

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

• 24 satellites working together
• uses microwaves

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• Satellites

• Global Positioning System (GPS)

• 24 satellites working together
• uses microwaves
• used primarily for navigation

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• Ship based technology

• Sea Beam

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• Ship based technology

• Sea Beam

• uses sonar

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• Ship based technology

• Sea Beam

• uses sonar
• maps the ocean floor