Water supply and sanitation governance in the periurban interface

1

• Water supply and sanitation governance in the
  peri-urban interface
• Pascale Hofmann
• Development Planning Unit
• University College London

2
Water and sanitation

• Inadequate urban supplies in the world 173
  million lack improved water (6) 403 million
  lack improved sanitation (14)
• Shift from concern with technical improvements to
  institutional aspects of service delivery
• Consensus about state unable to supply services
  on its own

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Population not served with improved water supply

• Improved
• Household connection
• Public standpipe
• Borehole
• Protected well
• Protected spring
• Rainwater collection

Total unserved 1.1 billion
Population not served with improved sanitation

• Improved
• Connection to public sewer
• Connection to septic system
• Pour-flash latrine
• Simple pit latrine
• Ventilated improved pit latrine

Total unserved 2.4 billion
Source WHO Global Water Supply and Sanitation
Assessment 2000
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Access to water in LDCs
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The urban and peri-urban poor pay more for water
6
Water consumption depends on collection time
lpcd litres/capita/day
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and income
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Access to water by peri-urban dwellersPolicy-root
ed and needs-rooted practices in the Water wheel
Public-community cooperation
Community cooperation
Community-based provision
Public-community partnerships
Rainwater harvesting
Fully public
Water as a gift
Needs-rooted
Policy-rooted
Clandestine connections
Passive private investment
Public provision distorted by bribery
Service contracts
Informal sector vendors (e.g. push carts)
BOT and concessions
Joint ventures
Water sold from privately owned wells
Public-private cooperation
Private competition
Fully private
Source Allen (20046)
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Overview of formal and informal water supply
practices in the five case studies
Source Case study reports.
10
Access to sanitation by peri-urban dwellers

• Low coverage of underground drainage
• lt5 in Dar es Salaam peri-urban areas
• Alternative sanitation
• septic tanks, pit latrines
• Public toilets
• regularity, sufficiency, affordability, quality
  and safety

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Peri-urban ChennaiState and private informal
water storage and distribution
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Peri-urban ChennaiState-provided water storage
13
Peri-urban Giza (Cairo)Informal water
distribution
14
Peri-urban MexicoState-supported water storage
and distribution
15
Peri-urban Dar es SalaamPrivate water storage
16
Peri-urban CaracasThe State supplies water for
free