Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies Unit 1

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Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development
StudiesUnit 1

• Developing a Personal Philosophy of Leadership

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Reflect Focus

• . . . our basic assumptions about the nature of
  truth and reality and the origins of knowledge
  shape the way we see the world and ourselves as
  participants in it. . . .

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James MacGregor Burns

• One of the most universal cravings of our time
  is a hunger for compelling and creative
  leadership.
• - Leadership (1978)

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Plato

• Assumptions and principles
• Only a few individuals are capable of leading
  the perfect, who remain so despite temptations
• Only Philosophers can be perfect and know and
  understand reality and good
• Hierarchical
• Other principles or assumptions he makes?

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Simon Bolivar

• Assumptions and principles
• Education for all provides a stable foundation
  for national leadership it must include
  education in virtues.
• There are no absolute or universal principles of
  government, law, or leadership.
• They should be appropriate for the
  characteristics of the people and their
  circumstances.
• Democracy is good, but not stable or practical.
• Modify it. Not everything should be left to
  chance and the results of elections a
  hereditary senate would further guarantee
  stability. These Senators should have great
  knowledge and Enlightened Education (i.e. more
  than the basic education for all mentioned
  above).
• Other key ideas, assumptions?

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Thomas E. CroninThinking About Leadership

• Those of us who expect to reap the blessing of
  freedom and liberty must undergo the fatigues of
  supporting it and provide the leadership to
  sustain it.
• Paraphrasing John Adams

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Thomas E. Cronin

• Assumptions and principles
• Thinking about leadership, studying it,
  practicing it is important for everyone
  because it is required for the advancement of
  society.
• Leaders and managers are different.
• Leaders balance
• The tension of followers (who are both attracted
  to leaders and repulsed by them)
• power and authority
• Inviting participation and keeping distant
• Seven Key Ingredients -

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What is Leadership?

• Webster defines leadership as guidance,
  direction, or showing the way.
• Stephen Covey says Leadership is an interactive
  conversation that pulls people toward becoming
  comfortable with the language of personal
  responsibility and commitment.
• I believe that leadership is the ability to
  communicate, manage conflict, and inspire loyalty
  so that people believe in your goals and have a
  desire to remain on the job to work with you
  toward those common goals

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Leaders vs. Managers

• Is there a difference?
• Managers do things the right way, while leaders
  are more concerned with doing the right thing
• Warren Bennis

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Cronins Seven Key Ingredients For Effective
Leadership

• Knowledge of self
• Sense of priorities
• Creativity and entrepreneurialism
• Sense of humor
• Ability to resolve and create conflict
• Integrity
• Knowledge
• Additional assumptions or principles?

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Warren Bennis

• Assumptions and principles
• True leaders affect culture by creating and
  maintaining values
• Leadership is required for change (of strategy,
  processes, or culture)
• Leaders must be excellent communicators
• Leaders are responsible for providing pace and
  energy
• Curiosity is important
• Successful leaders have an open style
• Additional assumptions and principles?

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Ten Traits of Dynamic Leaders

• Self Knowledge
• Open to feedback
• Eager to learn and improve
• Curious, risk takers
• Learn from adversity
• Balance tradition and change
• Open style
• Work well with systems
• Serve as models and mentors

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Philosophies of Leadership

• Personal Qualities influence philosophy
• Temperament and Preferences
• Assumptions
• Values
• Experiences influence philosophy

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Type Talk

• Personal preferences
• The resulting personality pattern affects
  behaviors, attitudes, styles, etc.
• Understanding our own preferences and those of
  others affects our ability to lead effectively

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MBTI Preferences

• Extravert Introvert
• Where is your focus and where does your energy
  come from?
• Sensing iNtuition
• How do you take in information?
• Thinking Feeling
• How do you make Decisions?
• Judging Perceiving
• How do you deal with the world? Living . . .

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Leadership Temperament

• SJ Guardians, traditionalists, stabilizers
• SP Artisans, troubleshooters, firefighters
• NF Idealists, catalysts, energizers
• NT Rationals, visionaries, builders

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Values Sort

• Core values serve as the foundation for many of
  our actions.
• What are the 10 most important, or core values
  for you?

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Assumptions About People

• The assumptions you make about people affect your
  leadership style. The purpose of this exercise
  is to help you better understand the assumptions
  you make about people and to recognize more fully
  your perceptions about human nature.

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Scoring Assumptions About People

• Theory X score Sum of the values you assigned
  to
• a, d, e, g, j, l, m, o, r, s
• Theory Y score Sum of the values you assigned
  to
• b, c, f, h, i, k, n, p, q, t

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Assumptions About People

• Theory Y
• Work is satisfying and natural for workers
• People will exercise initiative, self-direction
  and self-control.
• People will seek out and accept responsibility.
• Workers value creativity and seek opportunities
  to do creative work.

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Assumptions About People

• Theory X
• Average person dislikes work and will avoid it.
• People must be supervised closely, directed,
  coerced, or threatened to achieve objectives.
• Workers will shirk responsibility.
• Workers value job security above other job
  related factors.
• Workers lack ambition.

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Interpretation of X-Y Theory

• X
• Top-down leadership style in which most of the
  planning and decision making takes place at the
  top of the hierarchy. Likely to experience
  difficulty relinquishing authority, demonstrating
  respect, delegating tasks, or empowering others.

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Interpretation of X-Y Theory

• Y
• Leads in a way that gives followers more
  independence, greater decision making leeway, and
  more openness in communications. Likely to
  relate to others in a trusting fashion and with
  confidence, delegate tasks, and strive to empower
  others.

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Film StudyTwelve Oclock High

• Identify the Bomber Groups mission.
• What problems keep the group from achieving the
  mission?
• Describe Davenports leadership style.
• Why does Davenport fail as a leader?
• Describe Savages leadership style.
• Why does Savage succeed as a leader?

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Personal Leadership Journal

• Essential opportunity
• For personal reflection and articulation of
  thoughts and ideas on leadership that are
  preparation for group dialogue and for developing
  a personal philosophy of leadership
• To record questions or concerns
• To highlight new insights
• To track growth in skills
• To begin plans for action.
• Evaluating Journals
• Level 1 Transactional -- "What's in it for me?"
  words such as "I or me."
• Level 2 Transactional -- "What's in it for me and
  people like me? words such as "we, you or us."
• Level 3 Transformational -- "How does this affect
  my college/community? words such as college,
  campus, town, city, neighborhood and big
  picture, community, improve
• Level 4 Transformational -- "How does this effect
  people in this country or throughout the world?
  words such as nation, world, civilization and
  "vision, change agent, or inspiration."

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Small Group Assignment (1)

• Teach Back opportunity
• Collaborate to present key points and lead a
  dialogue on a reading
• Resources
• The reading itself
• The Instructors Manual summary and suggestions
• Ideas your group develops
• Check the agenda for the day and approximate time
  your group will facilitate the reading

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Small Group Assignment (2)

• Create a short skit or role-playing scenario that
  helps observers to understand the issues
  underlying the conflict between Agamemnon and
  Achilles in The Iliad.
• Each small group will seek to answer a specific
  question within their skit or scenario
• What motivates Agamemnon?
• What does Achilles really want?
• Why does Agamemnon fail to resolve his rift with
  Achilles?
• What might have produces a more successful
  outcome?
• The skit or scenario does NOT need to be set in
  Ancient Greece with the characters of The Iliad
  use your imaginations!