Introduction to Chemistry

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Introduction to Chemistry
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Whats the MATTER?

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies
  space.
• Matter is made up of tiny particles

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Atoms

• Atoms are the building blocks of all elements.
• They are about one billionth of a meter (very
  small)

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Proton

• Protons are positively charged and are
  represented by the symbol p
• Protons are located in the nucleus

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Neutron

• Neutrons have no charge and are represented by
  the symbol n0
• Neutrons are also located in the nucleus.

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Electron

• Electrons are located outside of the nucleus and
  are represented by the symbol e-
• Electrons are located in shells

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• In an atom, there are the same number of
  electrons as there are protons so there is no
  charge.

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The Periodic Table and Atoms
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Using the Periodic Table.

• The Number of protons is the atomic number

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• The atomic weight is a measure of the total
  number of particles in an atoms nucleus.

Atomic Weight will always be larger then Atomic
Number!
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Atomic Weight

• Atomic Weight (Number of Protons) (Number of
  Neutrons)
• Atomic Weight is Atomic Mass
• To determine the number of neutrons you round
  mass to the nearest whole number.

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For any element

• Number of Protons Atomic Number
• Number of Electrons Number of Protons Atomic
  Number
• Number of Neutrons Atomic Weight Atomic Number

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How many valence electrons?
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Valence Electrons- Where all the ACTION is!

• Valence electrons are the number of electrons in
  the outermost shell of an element.
• The number of valence electrons is the same for
  elements in the same group
• REMEMBER Groups are the Columns (Down)
• Periods are the
  Rows (Across)
• G
• R
• O Example Calcium (Ca) is in
  Group 2 and so is Radium (Ra).
• U Ca and Ra both
  have TWO valence electrons.
• PERIOD

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Chemical Reactions

• How Stuff Works Video- 9 minutes
• http//videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12125-investig
  ating-chemical-reactions-video.htm

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Answers to Crosswords

• Elements of the Periodic Table
• ACROSS DOWN
• Helium 2. Lead
• 4. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen
• 5. Sodium 6. Mercury
• 7. Neon 7. Nitrogen
• 8. Silver 9. Sulphur
• 10. Calcium 11. Aluminium
• 13. Uranium 12. Copper
• 14. Chlorine 15. Argon
• 15. Arsenic 16. Silicon
• 17. Gold
• 18. Carbon
• 19. Iron

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Answers to Crosswords

• Periodic Table Assignment
• ACROSS DOWN
• 1. Transitions 2.
  Representative
• 5. Periodic 3.
  Dobereiner
• 7. Three 4.
  Germanium
• 8. Massnumber 6. Metals
• 9. Noble Gases 11. Period
• 10. Thirty two 12.
  Halogens
• 13. Mendeleev 14. Lithium
• 17. Thirty two 15.
  Hydrogen
• 19. Gaseous 16. Aqueous
• 20. Bromine 18. IIA
• 21. Group 20.
  Boron
• 22. Two

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