Introduction to Chemistry

1
Introduction to Chemistry
2
What is Chemistry?

• 5 Major Areas of Chemistry
• Analytical
• Concerned with the composition of substances
• Inorganic
• Primarily deals with substances without carbon
• Organic
• Primarily deals with substances containing carbon
• Biochemistry
• Chemistry of living things
• Physical
• Involves the behavior of chemicals

3
Scientific Method Define ?

• Steps to Scientific Method
• Making Observations
• Formulating hypotheses
• Performing experiments

4
Step 1

• Making an Observation
• State the Problem by looking at the world around
  you to make an observation
• Two types of observations
• Qualitative
• Quantitative

5
Step 2

• Formulating Hypotheses
• Research the problem
• What do I know, and need to know in order to
  solve my problem?
• Examine possibilities
• Eliminate poor choices
• Consider likely choices
• Determine a possible explanation

6
Step 3

• Performing Experiments
• Gather new information to determine if a
  hypotheses is valid
• Always produce new observations

7
Factors involved in the experiment

• Variable factor being tested in an experiment
• Independent (manipulated) adjusted by the
  experimenter
• Dependent (responding) value depends upon the
  value of the independent factor

8
Controlled Experiments

• Control
• Part of the experiment without the variable, used
  as a comparison
• Data
• Information collected from the experiment
• Constant
• A factor that does not vary or change in an
  experiment

9
Draw a Conclusion

• Was your hypothesis right or wrong?
• Problem solved proven
• If not solved retest
• What was wrong with the original experiment?
• Was there a poor selection?
• Was the experiment flawed?

10
Whats the Difference?

• Scientific Theory set of tested hypotheses that
  gives an overall explanation of some natural
  phenomenon
• An interpretation possible explanation
• Natural Law when scientist see that the same
  observation applies to many different systems
• Summary of observed behaviors
• A law summarizes what happens a theory (model)
  is an attempt to explain why it happens