Ch. 1 Introduction to Chemistry

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Ch. 1 Introduction to Chemistry
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Matter

• Anything that has mass and takes up space

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Chemistry

• The study of the composition of matter and the
  changes that matter undergoes

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5 Major Areas of Study

1. Organic Chemistry
2. Inorganic Chemistry
3. Analytical Chemistry
4. Physical Chemistry
5. Biochemistry

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Organic Chemistry

• All substances containing carbon

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Inorganic Chemistry

• Substances without carbon

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Analytical Chemistry

• Concerned with the composition of substances

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Physical Chemistry

• Theories and experiments that describe the
  behavior of chemicals

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Biochemistry

• The study of chemistry of living organisms

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Pure Chemistry

• The pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

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Applied Chemistry

• Research that is directed towards a practical
  goal or application

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Macroscopic

• Objects that are large enough to be seen with the
  unaided eye

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Microscopic

• Objects that can be seen only under magnification

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Alchemy

• Alchemists were searching for a way to turn other
  substances (i.e. lead) into gold
• They developed the tools and techniques for
  working with chemicals

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Scientific Method

• One logical, systematic approach to the solution
  of scientific problems. Steps include
• Making observations
• Testing hypothesis
• Developing theories

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Observation

• Use your senses to obtain information directly

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Hypothesis

• A proposed explanation for an observation based
  on previous knowledge (or research)
• Must be specific
• Must be testable
• Is only useful if it accounts for what is
  actually observed

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Experiment

• A means to test a hypothesis

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Manipulated Variable (Independent Variable)

• The variable that you can change
• Time
• Temperature
• Volume
• Speed
• Pressure

Independent Variable
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Responding Variable (Dependent Variable)

• The variable that is observed during the
  experiment

Dependent Variable
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• For the results of an experiment to be accepted
  the experiment must produce the same results no
  matter how many times it is repeated or by whom

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Theory

• A broad and extensively tested explanation of why
  experiments give certain results.
• A theory can NEVER be proven because a new
  experiment can always disprove it

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Scientific Law

• A concise statement that summarizes the results
  of many observations and experiments.
• Scientific law describes natural phenomena
  without attempting to explain it