THE CELL

1
THE CELL

• Part One
• The Animal Cell Organelles

2
(No Transcript)
3
What is a cell

• A cell is defined as the basic unit of all
  organisms. All cells come from pre-existing
  cells and all living things are composed of
  cells. Although each cell is different depending
  on it location in the body, they all are composed
  of the same smaller components called organelles.
  These membrane-bound organelles each perform a
  specific task within the cell, but together they
  compromise a fully functioning eukaryotic cell.
  Lets take a look at a few of these structures.

4
Cell Theory

• According to the Cell Theory
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of organization in
  organisms
• All cells come from preexisting cells
• Developed by Robert Hooke (1665) and others that
  followed him.

5
So Whats the Difference?

• Prokaryotic
• No Nucleus
• No Membrane-Bound Organelles
• Examples
• Virus, Bacteria

• Eukaryotic
• Nucleus Present
• Membrane-Bound Organelles
• Examples
• Animal Cells, Protists

6
Nucleus

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
• Nuclear Membrane
• Contains Genetic Material (DNA).

7
Nucleolus

• Bundle of DNA
• Involved in the making of ribosomes

8
Cytoplasm

• Liquid part of cell, inside the cell membrane,
  outside the nucleus, that is 97 water
• Suspends the cells organelles
• Site of chemical reactions in the cell.

9
Cell Membrane

• Phospholipid bilayer with proteins scattered
  throughout
• Semipermeable
• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

10
Ribosomes

• Organelle where proteins are synthesized
• Located on the Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Some also free in cytoplasm

11
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Extension of nuclear membrane.
• Found outside nucleus in cytoplasm
• Structure for the assembly and transport of
  proteins

12
Mitochondria

• Known as the Powerhouse of the cell
• Converts stored energy in food to useable energy
• Has own DNA

13
Golgi Apparatus

• Membranous, but not attached to nucleus
• Prepares proteins and other cell products for
  movement within the cell

14
Vacuoles

• Membrane bound spaces for temporary storage of
  food, enzymes, and other materials
• Animals have many small vacuoles
• Much larger in plant cells

15
Lysosomes

• Trash person of the cell
• Organelles that contain digestive enzymes which
  break down large particles for removal from the
  cell

16
Microtubules

• Thin cylinders made of proteins
• Give support and structure to the cell
• Make up the Cytoskeleton

17
Centriole

• A pair of cylinders composed of microtubules
• Involved in animal cell division by separating
  the genetic material

18
In Summary

• In multicellular organisms, cells are highly
  specialized for certain functionseven though
  most contain the same types of organelles and
  DNA. However, the number and kind of organelles
  within the cell will determine its specific
  function depending on where the cell is located.

19
THE CELL

• Part Two
• The Plant Cell

20
A Brief Intro

• Plant cells are very similar to animal cells and
  therefore contain many of the same organelles.
• Plant cells are more rigid in structure and the
  amount of water in the cell is important in
  support of the cell.

21
(No Transcript)
22
Plastids

• Plastids are involved in the storage of a variety
  of different things food, proteins, chlorophyll
• The color of the plant is usually caused by the
  contents of the plastids

23
Chloroplasts

• A chloroplast is an example of a plastid filled
  with chlorophyll
• Like mitochondria, have their own DNA
• Chlorophyll gives a plant its green color
• Chlorophyll is used by the plant during
  photo-synthesis

24
Cell Wall

• Plants have an exterior cell wall outside of
  their membranes
• The cell wall is composed mainly of cellulose
• Has openings (plasmo-desmata) which connect the
  cytoplasm of neighboring cells

25
Vacuole

• The vacuole of a plant cell is similar to an
  animal in that it is filled mainly of water.
• The plant vacuole is much larger and only one or
  two in a cell (roughly 90 of the cell)
• Turgor Pressure and the amount of water in the
  vacuole gives support to the cell

26
COMPARE