The Fermilab Program 20052025

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The Fermilab Program2005-2025

• Michael Witherell
• Users meeting
• June 3, 2004

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Fermilab Today

• 3000 users do research at Fermilab.
• We are operating two of the leading programs in
  particle physics worldwide.
• The Tevatron program
• CDF and D0 experiments
• BTeV starting in late 2009
• The neutrino program
• MiniBooNE with Booster neutrinos
• MINOS with NuMI neutrinos
• Fermilab is also host to
• the U.S. program for the LHC accelerator and CMS
  experiment
• a thriving program in experimental particle
  astrophysics and
• strong groups in theoretical particle and
  astrophysics.

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The Fermilab program

• Unified forces and Higgs physics
• Run II of the Tevatron CDF and D0
• US-LHC and US-CMS
• Linear collider RD
• B. Quarks and Leptons
• Neutrino and Lepton Flavor Physics
• The US accelerator-based neutrino program
  MiniBooNE and NuMI/MINOS
• Quark Flavor Physics and CP violation
• Quark flavor physics experiment to operate in
  2009 BTeV
• C. Particle Astrophysics
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory
• The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search

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Run II is providing new, important physics
results.

• One example electroweak and Higgs physics
• Improved top mass measurements are emerging
• Better top mass and W mass measurements to come
• Follow the physics news Every Thursday, a new
  Fermilab Result of the Week appears in Fermilab
  Today.

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Run II Accomplishments in the last year

• Integrated luminosity delivered to each
  experiment for physics has gone from 200 pb-1 to
  almost 500 pb-1.
• Initial luminosity has gone from 4.5x1031 to
  7.3x1031.
• The doubling time is still 1 year.
• The Recycler has met its requirements for
  integration into accelerator operations.
• Ready to commission mixed source operation
• Physics results on top mass and cross section
  jets and dijets searches for SUSY, leptoquarks,
  and exotic Higgs particles W width B lifetimes
  and spectroscopy rare B and D decays elastic
  scattering and more.

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Tevatron OperationsFY 2004 Plan and Status

• Congratulations to the Accelerator Division and
  all of the people throughout the laboratory for
  accomplishing this record.
• Thanks to the members of CDF and D0
  collaborations who have contributed to the
  accelerator effort.

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DOE review of Collider Run II

• So whats the bottom line?
• Were very impressed with the progress in the
  past seven months.
• We have increasing confidence that Run II will be
  successful.
• We look forward to continued progress toward the
  Tevatron complex being reliable and well
  characterized to serve as a platform for the
  cutting-edge upgrades.
• But theres a long way to go in the complex
  campaign of operations, maintenance, upgrades,
  RD, and studies that must succeed if the
  luminosity goals are to be reached.
• We see a significant challenge in the
  installation and successful commissioning of
  electron cooling in the next 16 months.
• Keep up the discipline, focus, dedication and
  good work. We are very encouraged!!!

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Projected Integrated Luminosity
Integrated luminosity will double every year or
so for next 4 years
FY2004 05 06 07
08 09
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Fermilab and the Large Hadron Collider

• The U.S. has a big stake in the LHC.
• The LHC will make possible the discovery of all
  the new physics at the TeV scale.
• Fermilab is lead laboratory for 2 of 3 projects
  that make this possible.
• We manage the US-LHC accelerator project and the
  LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP).
• We manage the US research program on the large
  CMS detector project for a group of 500 U.S.
  physicists.
• The LHC research program will be a large activity
  for Fermilab for the next 20 years.

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MiniBooNE

• MiniBooNE is a very important experiment.
• It has a unique opportunity to confirm or refute
  the LSND result, which would require a sterile
  fourth neutrino or something even more novel.
• Confirmation would change the worldwide neutrino
  program.
• The experiment is running well and the
  collaboration has made great progress in
  understanding the detector and backgrounds, and
  in measuring cross sections.
• This will be an exciting year ahead.

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Protons to MiniBooNE

• The Booster has delivered 2.7x1020 pot, record
  7.6x1018 in one week. We are trying to deliver
  5x1020as quickly as possible, and then more.
• Thanks to the MiniBooNE collaboration for their
  efforts to increase Booster performance.

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MINOS

• Measure the parameters of the atmospheric
  oscillation well.
• Dm2 to 10
• Sin2 2q23 to 5
• Search with improved sensitivity to transition of
  nm to flavors other than nt

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NuMI project status

• The recent DOE project review agreed that
• the construction is on schedule,
• the beam studies are wll along, and
• the project is still on track to complete
  commissioning 1/2005.
• Thanks to the MINOS collaboration for their
  contributions to getting the MI and beam ready.

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Experimental Astrophysics

• The experimental particle astrophysics effort is
  well established.
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey is producing
  important discoveries continuously. An extension
  to complete the survey is being worked out now.
• The Auger cosmic ray observatory is already the
  largest operating cosmic ray award. Construction
  of the full observatory continues in Argentina.
• The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) has first
  results from a short run with one tower in
  Soudan. They are leading the world already...

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Cryogenic Dark Matter Search

• CDMS II has completed a short run with one tower
  at Soudan.
• reduced neutron background from 1/kg/day to
  few/kg/year
• CDMS leads the field and should for some time to
  come.
• next run with two towers

DAMA
CDMS SUF
EDELWEISS
CDMS Soudan
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Funding

• The science opportunities in High Energy Physics
  today are limited by funding. Even compared to
  our neighbors in the Office of Science, HEP has
  lost about 10, or 70 million/year, in 5 years.
• How the funding evolves will determine how much
  of the future U.S. program can be done.

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Fermilab in 2010

• Unified Forces and HIggs Physics
• US-LHC and US-CMS
• Linear collider preparations
• Quark and Leptons
• Neutrino and Lepton Flavor Physics
• The US accelerator-based neutrino program
• upgraded NuMI beam with MINOS, Minerva and
  perhaps NOVA
• Booster neutrino beam with associated experiments
• Quark Flavor Physics and CP violation
• BTeV, perhaps K
• Particle Astrophysics
• The Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory, South and North
• The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search, CDMS-III
• Possibly the Dark Energy Survey
• JDEM construction

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CMS at Fermilab

• In the next decade the particle physics facility
  most likely to make revolutionary discoveries is
  the LHC.
• Fermilab will play a critical role in enabling
  U.S. scientists to take full advantage of it.
• The critical features for a world-leading
  research center on LHC physics are the power of
  the computing infrastructure, the expertise of
  the support staff, and the concentration of
  intellectual talent leading the research.
• We are establishing the LHC Physics Center here
  to make sure that American universities and
  laboratories to get full scientific benefits from
  the LHC physics.

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BTeV

• BTeV will have a very broad particle physics
  program, including charm physics, but the primary
  motivation is the search for new physics through
  CP violation in the Bd and Bs systems.
• BTeV represents 2 orders of magnitude over the
  present capability in recording tagged B events.

• P5 in October, 2003
• The strength of the BTeV experiment comes from
  the combination of its vertex trigger with
  precision mass measurements for both charged and
  neutral decay modes and excellent particle
  identification capabilities.
• P5 supports the construction of BTeV as an
  important project in the world-wide quark flavor
  physics area.

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BTeV in the world HEP program

• BTeV will be the worlds best experiment in quark
  flavor physics in the period 2010-2015.
• It will anchor, with the Fermilab neutrino
  program, the only HEP program operating at a US
  accelerator laboratory at that time.
• It has gone through the longest and most detailed
  approval process of any previous experimental
  facility of its size.
• The physics return for the money compares well
  with anything being done in HEP or in physics.

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Neutrino physics

• A large part of the worlds neutrino program will
  use Fermilab accelerators.
• The proton plan will include work over the next
  few years to increase proton intensities.
• We will look at what can be done to get even more
  protons with the present accelerators.
• Proton Driver will go beyond that.
• NuMI beam line
• MINOS, MINERnA, NOnA (assuming Fermilab and
  agency approval)
• Booster neutrino line
• What is the proton intensity consistent with NuMI
  operation? We will know more soon, and that will
  help to inform us what experiments are possible.
• More about neutrinos later

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Charge to the FNAL Long Range Planning Committee

• The committee should develop scenarios for each
  of the two cases spelled out by the HEPAP
  Subpanel.
• A linear collider project will be built here,
  starting late in this decade with international
  support and organization.
• The linear collider will be built offshore with
  substantial participation from U.S. High Energy
  Physics.

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Science First The Coming Revolution in Particle
Physics

• Something appears to stabilize the Higgs mass.
• Supersymmetry? Extra Dimensions? Strong Dynamics?
• Neutrinos have mass and change flavor.
• A new phenomenon at the Grand Unification Scale?
• B decays may be starting to show puzzles.
• Is B?f KS showing signs of new physics?
• Dark matter must be here somewhere.
• Will it show up first in colliders or
  underground?

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Fermilab in 2020

• The overarching vision for Fermilab in 2020 is
  that it will be the primary site for particle
  physics accelerators in the U.S.
• The most favorable outcome for particle physics
  is that a linear collider is built by an
  international collaboration of laboratories,
  within a short distance from here.
• Because it is not assured that it will be built
  here, and in a timely way, U.S. particle physics
  needs to have a plan for the present program to
  evolve in a way that keeps addressing the most
  compelling scientific issues.

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Vision I FNAL in 2020 hosting the Linear
Collider

• Linear Collider under construction near Fermilab
• Fermilab at the center of future discoveries and
  understanding
• Major part of Lab activity
• Neutrino Program
• Based on improvements to the accelerator complex
  and the experiments over the next ten years
• Large Hadron Collider Program
• Accelerator and experiment Fermilab leading
  center for CMS physics
• Other experiments at FNAL
• As physics demands
• Quark Flavor may still be key
• Other programs
• Astroparticle physics, Accelerator RD
• Non-particle science

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Linear Collider Status

• International Linear Collider Steering Committee
  under ICFA
• Regional Committees
• Technology Recommendation
• International committee is working.
• Report this year, soon if possible

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Linear Collider at Fermilab

• Fermilab is planning the next steps for either
  technology choice, in collaboration with
  international partners.
• Fermilab is bidding to host the central project
  office for the global design team.
• Fermilab will prepare a bid to host the Linear
  Collider
• A site near Fermilab has unique advantages, both
  in cost and in schedule for building the new
  facility.
• The model for building and operating the LC is
  fundamentally different from past HEP projects.
• Several laboratories around the world of HEP will
  build and operate the LC as an international
  project.
• Host laboratory would take a leading role, but
  not as dominant role as CERN in LHC.

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Linear Collider RD Charge

• Charge letter to S. Mishra
• Begin now, do not wait for technology decision.
• Prepare a plan to build Fermilabs role for each
  technology.
• Develop goals of Engineering Test Facility, with
  collaborators.
• Develop a LC site plan.
• Identify sites and characterize geology.
• Advance discussion with surrounding communities.
• In addition to the accelerator effort
• Design a detector matched to the physics.
• Grow the Fermilab role in physics and detector
  studies.

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Vision II FNAL in 2020 with the Linear Collider
Offshore

• Fermilab Neutrino Program
• World leading long baseline program
• New accelerator-Proton Driver
• Linear Collider offshore
• Significant Lab resources in this activity
• Large Hadron Collider Program
• Accelerator and experiment Fermilab leading
  center for CMS physics
• Other experiments at FNAL
• As physics demands
• Quark Flavor may still be key
• Other programs
• Astroparticle physics, Accelerator RD
• Non-particle science

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World neutrino program

• We need to
• improve the measurements of known mixing
  parameters
• clarify the possibility of a short-baseline
  oscillation,
• measure the third mixing angle,
• understand the mass hierarchy and determine
  whether CP violation is in the measurable range,
• determine the mass scale for neutrinos, and
• measure several cross sections better.
• This program will need several experiments of
  different types.
• Operating now or soon K2K, MiniBooNE, MINOS,
  SNO, Kamland, Super-K, CNGS
• Approved J-PARC neutrino, MINERnA
• Proposals NOnA, Reactor neutrino, and others

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Neutrinos at Fermilab

• Fermilab capabilities provide a unique
  opportunity.
• NuMI comes on the air in early 2005 with 730 km
  baseline. Capable of 0.4 MW at 120 GeV.
• Booster neutrino beam now delivering 20 kW at 8
  GeV
• Proton Driver present complex could deliver 2
  MW at 120 GeV and 0.5 MW at 8 GeV.
• Accelerator steps
• Proton plan, 40 M in project equivalent,
  FY05-07
• Upgrade of present accelerators to full potential
• Proton Driver
• Neutrino factory in the longer future
• Detector steps
• MiniBooNE, MINOS in place
• NoVA, smaller experiments under consideration
• Much larger experiment? Very long baseline? More
  sophisticated detetector technologies?

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Proton Driver RD Charge

• Charge letter to B. Foster, S. Geer
• Develop and document the physics case, with
  neutrinos as the centerpiece.
• Prepare documentation sufficient for CD-0,
  mission need.
• Complete comparable cost estimates for linac and
  synchrotron options.
• Develop a strategy that maintains continuous
  growth in the neutrino physics program.

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RD on Future Accelerators

• We are doing accelerator RD aligned with the
  future facilities called out in the Fermilab
  Long-range plan and the SC facilities plan.
• LHC luminosity upgrade
• Linear collider
• Proton driver
• We do a small amount of RD toward the
  longer-term future.
• High-field superconducting dipoles
• Advanced accelerator RD
• We are also working with university programs to
  provide opportunities for training students.

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Particle Astrophysics

• We are establishing the Fermilab Center for
  Particle Astrophysics with the goal of promoting
  excellent research at Fermilab in the exciting
  science at the boundary between particle physics,
  astrophysics, and cosmology.
• We want this Center to serve as the intellectual
  focus for particle astrophysics at Fermilab.
• We will locate office space for the various
  particle astrophysics efforts in one area of
  Wilson Hall, in order to promote regular
  communication among the researchers.
• By taking this step we want to build an
  intellectual center for particle astrophysics at
  Fermilab. At the same time, we want to integrate
  particle astrophysics research more completely
  into the scientific life of the laboratory.

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Actions for now

• Continue to push Run II physics.
• Provide more protons to the neutrino program.
• Start construction of BTeV.
• Grow the Linear Collider RD efforts.
• Advance design and physics case for Proton
  Driver.
• Establish the LHC Physics Center.
• Establish a Center for Particle Astrophysics.

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Summary

• Fermilabs vision for its future is to be the
  U.S. accelerator laboratory for particle physics,
  at the forefront of the coming scientific
  revolution.
• The laboratory will be the home
• for accelerator-based particle physics in the
  U.S.
• for American physicists working abroad at the
  worlds highest energy accelerator
• for some of the most far-reaching experiments at
  the boundary of particle physics and cosmology.
• The discoveries of the coming decade will
  significantly clarify the detailed picture of
  what U.S. particle physics will look like in
  twenty years.
• http//www.fnal.gov/pub/today/directors_corner/lon
  g_range_plan_5-25.html