The New U.S. Demographics

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The Brookings Institution
Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy
The New U.S. Demographics
Audrey Singer Funders Network on Population,
Reproductive Health and Rights November 10, 2003
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QUESTIONS

• How has the demography of race and ethnicity in
  the United States changed over time?
• What are the implications of some of these
  trends?
• How can we better serve immigrant and ethnic
  communities through public policies and programs?

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Americas Changing Composition
CONTINUING HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION
PERSISTENT DIFFERENCES IN FERTILITY RATES
FAMILY FORMATION AND INTERMARRIAGE
DATA COLLECTION
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CONTINUING HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION
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The share of the U.S. population that is
foreign-born is lower at the end of the 20th
century than at the start
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Steep declines in European source countries
during the century
1900-1920
1980-2000
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DIFFERENCES IN FERTILITY RATES
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Total fertility rate among Latinas is higher than
other groups
TFR The average number of children that a woman
gives birth to in her lifetime
Source Population Reference Bureau, 2002
Total Fertility Rates by Race/Ethnicity, 2001
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INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE
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Interracial Marriage

• One in 15 marriages is interracial in 2000,
• a 65 percent increase from 1990.

• Nearly 3 of every 10 marriages involving
• Latinos or Asians is a mixed-race marriage.

• Nearly half of all U.S. interracial marriages
• include a Latino.

Source William H. Frey, 2003
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DATA COLLECTION
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Defining Race and Ethnicity
Yes answer here Hispanic (regardless of
race)
Individuals can check more than one race
Source U.S. Census Bureau
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• What are the implications of some of these
  trends?

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U.S. race and ethnic population will continue to
change
U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity 1970-2000
Source Marta Tienda, 2002, p. 589
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Black and Latino populations are nearly equal in
size
U.S Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2000
Source Census 2000 SF1
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Mexico is the largest national origin group
U.S. Hispanic Population, 2000
Source Census 2000 SF1
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New Locations of Immigrants in the United States
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Former gateways are no longer major destinations
Percent of Foreign Born in Cities by Gateway
Types, 1900-2000
Former
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Continuous gateways have always attracted more
than their fair share of immigrants
Percent of Foreign Born in Cities by Gateway
Types, 1900-2000
Continuous
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Post-WWII gateways became destinations during the
past 50 years
Percent of Foreign Born in Cities by Gateway
Types, 1900-2000
Post-WWII
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Emerging gateways experienced very recent and
rapid growth in their foreign-born population
Percent of Foreign Born in Cities by Gateway
Types, 1900-2000
Emerging
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Re-Emerging gateways are once again major
destinations for immigrants
Percent of Foreign Born in Cities by Gateway
Types, 1900-2000
Re-Emerging
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Emerging gateways represent a new context for
immigrant integration
Percent of Foreign Born in Cities by Gateway
Types, 1900-2000
Post-WWII
Continuous
Re-Emerging
Emerging
Former
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Immigration Gateways are shifting
Established Gateways
Emerging Gateways
Chicago 61 Los Angeles 19 Miami 31
New York 37 San Diego 41 San
Francisco 26
Atlanta 262 Charlotte 315 Fort
Worth-Arlington 131 Las Vegas 248
Orlando 140 Salt Lake City 174
Growth in Metro Foreign-Born Population, 1990-2000
Source Suro and Singer, Latino Growth in
Metropolitan America, Brookings Institution and
Pew Hispanic Center, July 2002.
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Ten Metro Areas with Largest Latino Populations,
2000
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"Hypergrowth" New Latino Destinations, 2000
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Latino population in New Destinations heavily
male
18-64 year-old Latino males for every 100 Latino
females, 2000
Source Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau
data
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Schools in Emerging Gateways will eventually see
children of immigrants
Latino Share of Child and Adult Population,
Selected Cities, 2000
Source Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau
data
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How can we better serve these communities through
public policies and programs?
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