Users Management in WindowsXP

1
Users Management in WindowsXP
2
Users Types in Windows

• Windows (2000 or XP Professional) uses three
  types of user accounts
• A local user account allows you to log on to a
  specific computer to access resources on that
  computer.
• A domain user account allows you to log on to the
  domain to access network resources.
• A built-in user account allows you to perform
  administrative tasks or access local or network
  resources.

3
Built-In User Accounts

• Administrator
• Use the built-in Administrator account to manage
  the overall computer.
• You can perform tasks to create and modify user
  accounts and groups, manage security policies,
  create printer resources, and assign the
  permissions and rights that allow user accounts
  to access resources.
• Guest
• Use the built-in Guest account to allow
  occasional users to log on and access resources.

4
Users Management Tools

• Select Administrative Tools in Control Panel and
  then select Computer Management.

5
Creating a Local User Account

• In the details pane, right-click Users, and then
  click New User.
• Fill in the appropriate text boxes in the New
  User dialog box, click Create, and then click
  Close.

6
Group Management
7
Group Management in Windows

• Local Groups
• A local group is a collection of user accounts on
  a computer.
• Use local groups to assign permissions to
  resources residing on the computer on which the
  local group is created.
• To create a local group, complete the following
  steps
• In Computer Management, expand Local Users And
  Groups.
• Right-click Groups and then click New Group.

8
Microsoft Windows File Systems

• NTFS
• NTFS is supported by Window NT, 2000, and XP
  which allows file access permission and user
  authentication.
• FAT
• FAT is supported by Win9x, WinMe which does NOT
  provide any security on user or file control.

9
Setting NTFS Permissions

• Under Windows Explorer, click Tools, Folder
  Options and then select the View tab.
• In Advance settings, turn off Use simple file
  sharing (Recommended).
• Then you can see two more tabs when you right
  click a folder and then select Properties
• To assign or modify NTFS permissions, select the
  Security tab of the Properties

10
Begin to use Linux
11
Background

• Linux is an operating system similar to UNIX. It
  runs on many different computers and was first
  released in 1991.
• The source code is opened, that is, available at
  no cost to anyone who wants to modify it.
• There are of different versions of Linux in the
  market.
• Want to learn more? Go to http//www.vbird.org

12
Packages inside Linux

• Apache, the most popular web server in the world.
• vsftp, very secure file transfer protocol server.
• Samba, let Linux become a Windows File Server.
• SendMail, SMTP server
• DHCP Server
• Bind, DNS Server
• MySQL, PostgresSQL, Database Server
• iptables A powerful firewall

13
Try Linux with Putty

• Putty is a Remote Shell which can let users run
  his own linux shell in a remote site
• Open Putty in your Windows.
• Under Host Name type ictlab.tyict.vtc.edu.hk
• Protocol MUST use SSH.
• Click Open to open a ssh terminal.
• Username your student id
• Password your HKID without bracket and MUST USE
  UPPER CASE, e.g G123456A

14
Directories

• Linux use / as directories parser (Windows use
  \), e.g. /home/alan.
• Files name and Directories name in Linux is case
  sensitive.
• No Drives (A, C or D ) name in Linux, you need
  to mount a floppy or CD-ROM drives to a
  directories
• All directories are started from root directory
  /
• Each user has his/her home directory. For user
  alan, by default, his home directory is
  /home/alan.
• Home directory for Super User root is /root

15
Commands to access Directories

• All commands in Linux is case sensitive
• cd /etc
• Change directory to /etc
• cd
• Change to your home directory
• cd ..
• Move to the parent directory of the current
  directory.
• cd -
• Move back to the previous directory you were in.

16
Commands to access Directories (2)

• ls -al
• List all files or directories name in long format
  under current directory
• pwd
• Display current directory's absolute path.
• mkdir work
• Create the directory work in the current
  directory.
• mkdir -p work/reports/2001/oct
• Create the directory work/reports/2001/oct,
  creating parent (-p) directories (work,
  work/reports, work/reports/2001) as required
  without danger of overwriting existing
  directories.

17
Commands to access Files

• cp a.txt backup/a_bk.txt
• Copy the file a.txt across to the directory
  backup and rename it a_bk.txt.
• cp -r a b
• Copy the directory a into the directory b. The -r
  means recursive (i.e. the files and
  subdirectories contained in the directory, plus
  the files and subdirectories contained in the
  subdirectories, and so on).
• mv a.txt work/reports
• Move the file a.txt across to the directory
  work/reports.
• mv a.txt b.txt
• When you move a file to its current location, you
  rename it. In this case the file a.txt is renamed
  b.txt.

18
Commands to access Files (2)

• rm a.txt
• Remove the file a.txt.
• rm -r work/reports
• To remove a directory (even an empty one) you
  need to add -r. Here the directory work/reports
  is removed.
• touch report.txt
• Create an empty file (in this case report.txt),
  or if it already exists, update its access and
  modification time.
• less dirs.txt
• View the dirs.txt file in the less program,
  allowing you to view large files, line by line.
  (Press q to quit.)

19
Linux Installation

• Press Enter for the first screen.
• In each of the following steps, press OK to
  proceed to the next step. (You can press Tab to
  move your cursor to OK)
• Select English for language.
• Select US for keyboard.
• Select HTTP for media.
• Select DHCP for ip address.

20
Linux Installation (2)

• In Server name field, enter ictlab.tyict.vtc.edu.h
  k
• In Directory field, enter /ftp/fedora/linux/core/4
  /i386/os
• A graphical screen will comes up.
• For Language Selection, choose Chinese
  (Traditional)
• For Install Type, choose Custom

21
Linux Installation (3)

• For Disk Partitioning Setup, choose Manually
  partition with Disk Druid
• WARNING YOU CANNOT TOUCH /hdc IN YOUR DISK
  PARTITION!
• Create 3 partitions in Druid
• /, file size 10000
• /home, file size 10000
• Swap, file size 1000
• Do not use /hdc! Do not use LVM!
• For the password, type cmuser.

22
Linux Installation (4)

• For Firewall Configuration, choose
• Enable Firewall
• Check Remote Login, Web Server and File Transfer
• WARNING Disable SELinux!
• For Package Group Selection, choose
• Web Server
• Windows File Server
• FTP Server
• DNS Server
• Network Server

23
Install Package with RPM

• Go to http//ictlab.tyict.vtc.edu.hk/alanpo and
  then download the Java Run Time (jre) RPM package
  to your home directory.
• Open a terminal in your desktop
• Type following command to install (jre)
• rpm -Uvh jre.rpm
• Upgrades jre or installs the package if no
  previous version was found. U for upgrade, v for
  verbose (so you know what's going on), and h for
  hash (to show a progress bar).

24
More about RPM

• rpm -q jre
• Query RPM database, to display version of X-Chat
  installed. Useful for discovering if you have
  something installed.
• rpm -qa sort less
• To display all (-a) RPMs installed, in alphabetic
  order, and in the less program.
• rpm -e jre
• Uninstall (erase) the package webmin.

25
Users Management in Linux
26
root

• All Linux distributions setup a special account
  called root during installation.
• The root account gives you access to
  everything.
• If your shell prompt ends with a hash/number-sign
  () you're logged-in as root. Normal user is a
  dollar-sign ()

27
Create a new user

• Only root can create and remove user accounts.
• useradd alan
• Add a new user alan
• His home directory will be /home/alan
• passwd alan
• Give this new account a password
• finger alan
• List the user information of alan

28
Remove a user

• userdel alan
• Remove user alan
• userdel -r alan
• Remove user alan and ALL THE FILES in his home
  directory

29
su - substitute user

• The su command allows you to temporarily become
  another user, until you press CtrlD to logout.
• su
• Become root but you need to submit roots
  password
• su - alan
• Become alan.

30
Group Management (2)

• Arrange a GROUP of users can easily to apply some
  common policies to them.
• Every user belongs to at least one group, their
  login group - given the same name as their user
  account.
• groupadd students
• This will create the students group.
• usermod -G students john
• Add user john to the group students.

31
Group Management (3)

• less /etc/group
• Show all groups and their members.
• groupmod n students tn_students
• Rename a group
• groupdel tn_students
• Remove the group tn_students
• groups
• Display groups you belong to.
• groups john
• Display groups john belongs to.

32
Access Rights

• Three kinds of Access Rights
• r read, w write, x execute
• Three kinds of people to access files
• owner, group, others
• To display the owner and group a file belongs to,
  enter ls -l
• -rw-rw-r-- 1 john tyict 1076 Nov 20 1650
  report.txt
• First column (-rw-rw-r--) is Access Right
• Third column (john) is owner
• Fourth column (tyict) is group

33
Access Right (2)

• Here is the break of -rw-rw-r--
• Type - for normal files, d for directories and l
  for Symbolic link
• For owner rw-, he/she can read, write but cannot
  execute the file
• For group rw-, same as owner
• For others r--, he/she can read but cannot write
  or execute the file

34
Change Access Right

• chown john report.txt
• Change owner of file report.txt, to john.
• chown -R john .
• Change owner of all files and subdirectories
  (i.e. -R for recursively) in the current (.)
  directory, to john.
• chgrp tn_stundents report.txt
• Change group of file report.txt, to tn_stundents.
• chgrp -R tn_stundents .
• Change group of all files and subdirectories
  (i.e. -R for recursively) in the current (.)
  directory, to john.

35
Change Access Right (2)

• chmod arw report.txt
• Give all users read and write permission.
• chmod go-wx report.txt
• Remove write and execute permission (-wx) from
  report.txt for group and others (go).

36
Change Access Right (3)

• Permissions can also be set in octal (base 8),
  where read permission is a four, write is two,
  and execute is one. These you add up separately
  for user, group and other for between 000
  (---------) and 777 (rwxrwxrwx), like so