Agricultural and Food Bioprocessing

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Agricultural and Food Bioprocessing

• Indian Hills Community College
• Janet Paulson
• Project Coordinator
• Iowa BioDevelopment

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Overview

• Introduction
• Iowa, where is it??
• Brief bioscience history
• Biotech/Bioprocessing industries in Iowa
• Indian Hills Community College
• National Center for the Biotech Workforce
• Eddyville Industrial Complex
• Corn Bioprocessing
• Renewable Fuels
• Ethanol
• Biodiesel

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Where is Iowa anyway???
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Iowa Landscape

• Put pictures of landscape

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Most Livable States

• IOWA Ranks 3 behind
• Minnesota 2
• NEW HAMPSHIRE 1

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Historical Highlights of Bioscience in Iowa

• 1879-First public veterinary college in US
• Iowa State University (NADC)
• 1885-University of Iowa
• fourth state university run pharmacy
• 1894- George Washington Carver
• invented process for producing paints and stains
  from soybeans
• 1935 -First Digital Computer built at ISU
• 1986- The World Food Prize established
• Dr.Norman Borlaug (1970 winner of Nobel Peace
  Prize)
• 1987- Integrated DNA Technologies founded
  (synthetic DNA)
• First public trial of a transgenic plant (ISU)
• 1992-University of Iowa received first US patent
  for CMV promoter

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Some Biotech/Bioprocess Industries in Iowa
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Seed and Chemical Companies

• Roundup Ready Soybeans and Corn
• Low linolenic beans
• Bt Corn
• Roundup
• LibertyLink

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Animal products

• Vaccines
• In Vitro Fertilization

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Food Ingredients and Animal Feeds

• High Fructose Corn Syrup
• Corn Oil
• Citric Acid
• Sweet Bran-gluten
• Amino Acids lysine,threonine
• Monosodium Glutamate

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Iowa and Renewable Fuels

• 1 in Ethanol production
• 2 in Biodiesel production

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Other products

• Enzymes
• Cyclodextrins
• Synthetic DNA
• Itaconic Acid

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National Center for Agriculture
and Food Processing in the Midwest
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Indian Hills Community College A Center
of Agricultural Expertise

• Industry Partners
• Products
• Training Assistance
• IBTC
• Technical Assistance
• Pilot Facility
• Outreach
• Public
• Educational

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Industry Partners

• Cargill Inc.
• Ajinomoto Food Ingredients, LLC
• Ajinomoto Heartland, LLC
• Wacker Chemical Corp.
• Pioneer Hi-Bred International
• Alliant Energy
• Iowa Renewable Fuels

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Training Iowa Bioprocess Training Center

• Training Programs, A.S.
• Bioprocess Technology
• Bioprocess Practicum
• Ethanol Plant Technician
• Wastewater Training
• Technical training
• Online, custom, etc
• Process Control Certificate

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Technical Assistance- Industry and Academics

• Pilot Facility
• Student Training/Job Opportunities
• Research activities for industry
• Industrial scale-up

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Outreach Educational Public

• Educational
• -School visits (gt5000 students reached)
  -Professional development
• (gt250 teachers) 7-12th grade biotech
  activities
• -SEMI Project Mobile Lab
• Public
• 3-D virtual reality fermentation
• -Biotech presentations workshops

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Corn Bioprocessing

• Eddyville Industrial Complex- Corn Wet Milling
  Facility
• Bioprocessing Definition
• What is in a kernel of corn and what are some
  applications ???
• How does this affect us ???
• Fermentation

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Bioprocess Industrial ComplexEddyville, Iowa
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Bioprocessing Definition

• Bioprocessing is broadly defined as using living
  organisms, or their products, for human benefit
  to make a product or solve a problem.
• Thieman, W., Palladino, M., Introduction to
  Biotechnology, 2004

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Who cares about CORN ?

• What does Corn have to do with me??
• Iowa leads the nation in corn production
• QUESTION Have you used any corn products this
  week?
• List as many corn products as you can

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The Corn Kernel

• List the 4 major components of a corn kernel
• Starch (61) in endosperm
• Protein gluten in endosperm
• Oil (3.8) in germ
• Fiber pericarp, tip cap
• Were any of these corn components a part of your
  breakfast today?

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Corn Wet Milling Process
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Polysaccharides in Corn Starch
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Chemical Bonds in Starch and Cellulose
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Enzymatic Bioprocessing

• Enzymes
• 1876 William Kuhne (unorganized ferments)
• The word enzyme is Greek
• en in
• zyme yeast
• Applications (some)
• Textiles desizing
• Leather pre-tanning
• Detergents pancreatin (trypsin)
• Starch breakdown

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Enzymatic Bioprocessing of Corn Starch

• Liquefaction of starch-
• Hydrolysis- alpha amylase enzyme, etc.
• Saccharification-
• Enzymatic conversion to glucose (glucoamylase,
  etc)
• High fructose corn syrup-enzymatic isomerization
  of glucose-used in wide variety of products
• Further processing filtration, demineralization,
  decolorization

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Fermentation

• Industrial definition process of chemical change
  in ORGANIC MATTER brought about by a living
  organism.
• Examples
• Citric acid-aerobic fermentation -breakdown of
  glucose by mold (A.niger)
• Ethanol-anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
  by yeast
• Frequently use glucose from corn starch

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Renewable Fuel Industry in Iowa Ethanol
Biodiesel Production

• 2005
• 751 MGY produced in Iowa (1)
• 4 BGY produced nationally
• 27 plants in operation, or construction in
  Iowa
• 131 plants nationally
• Byproducts
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2),
• Dried Distillers grain (DDGs)
• Biodiesel

• 2005
• 23 MGY produced in Iowa
• 75 MGY produced nationally
• 11 plants in operation or construction in Iowa
• 115 plants in operation or construction
  nationally
• Vegetable oil alcohol biodiesel
  glycerin
• 3.21 energy balance makes it the most efficient
  alternative fuel

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Renewable FuelsEthanol Dry Milling Process
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Renewable FuelsBiodiesel
Methyl Alkyl Ester
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Renewable FuelsBiodiesel

• What you need to make biodiesel
• Vegetable oil or animal fat
• Alcohol (methanol preferred)
• Catalyst (NaOH, KOH)
• Agitation
• Heat
• Time for reaction
• Wash with Water
• Centrifuge

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BiodieselTransesterification
Fatty Acids
Glycerin (Glycerol)
Alcohol
Catalyst
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BiodieselTransesterification
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BiodieselTransesterification
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BiodieselTransesterification
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BiodieselTransesterification
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BiodieselTransesterification
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Benchtop Biodiesel

• Top layer
• Mostly methanol
• Middle layer
• Mostly biodiesel
• Bottom layer
• Mostly glycerin

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Thank You
jpaulson_at_indianhills.edu 1-800-726-2585 x1985
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Iowa Bioprocess Training Center