Intro to Information Technology II

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Intro to Information Technology II

• Chapter 2 Intro to Systems Architecture
• ITE 272 A Clark
• University of South Alabama

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Automated Computation

• What is a computer?
• A device that computes, especially a
  programmable electronic machine that performs
  high-speed mathematical or logical operations or
  that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise
  processes information.
• A machine that can be programmed to manipulate
  symbols. Computers can perform complex and
  repetitive procedures quickly, precisely and
  reliably and can quickly store and retrieve large
  amounts of data.

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Automated Computation

• Any device that can
• Accept numeric input
• Perform computational functions
• Communicate results

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Types of Implementations

• Mechanical - Difference Engine
• Problems
• Complex design / Hard to build
• Wear, breakdown and maintenance
• Speed
• Electrical
• Optical
• Quantum
• Qubit

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Computer Capabilities

• Processor
• Performs data manipulations / transformations
• Computations
• Comparison
• Data movement
• Instructions
• Executing

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Computer Capabilities

• General-purpose processor
• Many instructions / many sequences
• Programmable
• Special-purpose processor
• Only one task

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Computer Capabilities

• Storage
• Data
• Program
• Input / Output
• Can a computer be a computer if there is no input
  / output?

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Computer Hardware

• Four major functions
• Processing
• Storage
• External communications
• Internal communications

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Computer Hardware

• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Primary Storage
• Secondary Storage
• Input/Output
• System Bus

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Computer Hardware
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Computer Hardware

• CPU
• ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
• CU (Control Unit)
• Registers

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Computer System Classes

• Microcomputer
• Single user
• Minicomputer
• Multiple users / multiple applications
• Mainframe
• Multiple users / multiple applications
• Supercomputer
• Perform many mathematical functions
• Other multicomputer configurations

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Computer System Classes

• Groschs Law
• MHz Myth
• Benchmarks
• FLOPs
• MFLOPs

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Role of Software

• Types of Software (Programs)
• Application programs
• Utility programs
• System software
• Implement utility functions needed by other
  applications
• Allocate resources to applications
• Manage resources

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System Software Layers

• System Management
• System Services
• Resource Allocation
• Hardware Interface

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Operating Systems

• Purpose
• Program storage, loading and executing
• File manipulation and access
• Secondary storage management
• Network and interactive user interfaces

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Application Development Software

• Compilers
• Translators
• Program editors

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The End