BIOSPHERE

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Chapter 49

• BIOSPHERE

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Biosphere

• Definition
• Sum total of the places in which organisms live
• the ecosystem shaped by climate.
• Consists of
• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Lithosphere

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The Atmosphere

• Three layers
• Outer mesosphere
• Middle stratosphere (includes ozone layer)
• Inner troposphere (where air is warmed by the
  greenhouse effect)
• Ozone layer
• Region 17 to 27 km above sea level in the
  stratosphere
• Molecules of ozone absorb most layers of UV light
• Protects living organisms from excess exposure to
  UV light

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• Biogeography
• The study of the distribution of organisms and
  the processes that underlie distribution patterns
  
• Factors affecting distribution
• Geologic history
• Topography
• Climate Average weather condition in a region
• Species interactions

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Factors for Determining Climate

• Sunlight (insolation)
• absorbed by atmosphere (O3, O2), land, water
• radiated by heat
• captured by photosynthesis
• Latitude
• equator vertical sunlight - warmer
• pole oblique -colder
• Air current
• equator/30 (N S)

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Warming the Atmosphere

• Solar energy warms the atmosphere and sets global
  air circulation patterns in motion

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Factors for Determining Climate

• Sunlight (insolation)
• absorbed by atmosphere (O3, O2), land, water
• radiated by heat
• captured by photosynthesis
• Latitude
• equator vertical sunlight - warmer
• pole oblique -colder
• Air current
• equator/30 (N S)

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Rotation and Wind Direction

• Earth rotates faster under the air at the equator
  than it does at the poles
• Deflection east and west

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• Earths Tilt (Inclination)
• 23.5 tilt on its axis ? seasonal variation
• earth rotation (Coriolis Effect)
• causes jet stream/sunrise from the east
• Ocean Current
• created by the Earth rotation
• Others
• elevation
• continents
• islands
• Mountains
• Rain Shadow Effect