Advances in protection criteria for storage occupancies

1
Advances in protection criteria for storage
occupancies

• James Golinveaux
• Sr. VP Research Development

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(No Transcript)
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Test 70
Base Line Tests Design Curves Class I, II,
III IV Commodity20-ft High Rack Storage165F
Ceiling Sprinklers
Class II Class III Class IV
Test 78
Test 75
Test 64
Test 65 66
Test 99
Class II Curve
Class III Curve
Class IV Curve
Class I Curve
Test 74
Test 68
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NFPA 13 2002-2007Significant Technical Changes

• James Golinveaux
• Sr. VP Research and Development

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Solid-Pile Palletized Storage
Solid Pile Storage
Palletized Storage
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Typical Storage Arrangements

• Rack Storage (No Solid Shelves)
• Single Row
• Racks that have no longitudinal flue space and
  that have a width up to 6ft (1.8m) with aisles at
  least 3.5ft (1.1m) from other storage.
• Double Row
• Two single-row racks placed back-to-back having a
  combined width up to 12ft (3.7m), with aisles at
  least 3.5ft (1.1m) on each side.
• Multiple Row
• Racks greater than 12ft (3.7m) wide or single- or
  double-row racks separated by aisles less than
  3.5ft (1.1m) wide having an overall width greater
  than 12ft (3.7m).

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Self Storage

• Shelf Storage. Storage on structures less than
  30 (76.2 cm) deep with shelves usually 2 (0.6
  m) apart vertically and separated by
  approximately 30 (76.2-cm) aisles.

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Solid Shelving

• Fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh or other type
  of shelves located within racks.
• The area of a solid shelf is defined by perimeter
  aisle or flue space on all four sides.
• Solid shelves having an area equal to or less
  than 20 sq. ft. are open racks.
• Shelves of wire mesh, slates, or other materials
  more than 50 open, where the flue spaces are
  maintained are open racks.

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Storage on Solid Shelving

• Where the area of the solid shelving is less than
  20 ft2
• In-rack sprinklers are not required
• Where the area of solid shelving is 20 - 64 ft2
• In-rack sprinklers are not required below every
  shelf
• In-rack sprinklers shall be installed at the
  ceiling below shelves at intermediate levels
  not more than 6 ft apart vertically.
• Where the area of solid shelving is greater than
  64 ft2
• In-rack sprinklers shall be installed at the
  ceiling below each level of shelving.

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Chapter 5Classification of Occupancies and
Commodities
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Chapter 5

• 5.3.2 Ordinary Hazard (Group 2). Ordinary hazard
  (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as
  occupancies or portions of other occupancies
  where the quantity and combustibility of contents
  are moderate to high, where stockpiles of
  contents with moderate rates of heat release do
  not exceed 12 ft and stockpiles of contents with
  high rates of heat release do not exceed 8 ft.
  Dedicated and Miscellaneous storage shall be
  protected in accordance with Chapter 12 and 13 as
  applicable.

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Chapter 5

• A.5.3.2 Exterior loading docks only utilized for
  loading and unloading should be classified as
  OH2. Where utilized for storage exterior loading
  docks and all interior loading docks should be
  protected based upon the actual occupancy, the
  materials handled on the dock, as if the
  materials were actually stored in that
  configuration.

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Chapter 7 Dry Pipe - Preaction

• Size of Dry Pipe and Double Interlock Preaction
  Systems
• 60 Seconds to inspectors test connection
• Calculated for water delivery in accordance with
  Table
• Water delivery to a test manifold in accordance
  with the Table. Added annex figure for Test
  Manifold
• 500 gal and 750 gal options Not Applicable to
  Dwelling Unit Applications.

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Chapter 8

• Add to A.8.1.1
• Based upon experience and testing, sprinklers
  have been found to be effective and necessary at
  heights in excess of 50 ft. For a building to
  meet the intended level of protection afforded by
  NFPA 13, sprinklers must not be omitted from such
  high ceiling spaces.

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Chapter 8 - ESFR

• ESFR Sprinklers
• Minimum Protection Area of Coverage. The minimum
  allowable protection area of coverage for a
  sprinkler (As) shall not be less than 64 ft2
  (6m2).

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Chapter 12Storage
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Chapter 12

• 12 - General Requirements for Storage
• 12.1 NFPA 13 2002
• 13 - Storage of Miscellaneous Commodities
• 12.1.10 NFPA 13 2002
• 14 - Storage of Palletized, Solid Pile, Bin Box,
  or Shelf Storage of Class I through IV
  Commodities
• 12.2.1 and 12.2.2 NFPA 13 2002

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Chapter 12

• 15 - Storage of Palletized, Solid Pile, Bin Box,
  or Shelf Storage of Plastic and Rubber
  Commodities
• 12.2.1 and 12.2.3 NFPA 13 2002
• 16 Rack Storage of Class I through IV
  Commodities
• 12.3.1, 12.3.2, 12.3.4 NFPA 13 2002

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Chapter 12

• 17 Rack Storage of Plastic Commodities
• 12.3.1, 12.3.3, 12.3.5 NFPA 13 2002
• 18 Protection of Rubber Tire Storage
• 12.4 NFPA 13 2002
• 19 Protection of Rolled Paper
• 12.6 NFPA 13 2002
• 20 Special Designs
• 12.7 and 12.5 NFPA 13 2002
• Automotive Components/Retail/Baled Cotton

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Chapter 12General Requirements for Storage
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Chapter 12

• 12.1.2.5 For ceiling heights that exceed 30 ft,
  where the distance between the ceiling height and
  top of storage exceeds 20 ft (6.1 m), protection
  shall be provided for the storage height that
  would result in a 20-ft (6.1-m) distance between
  the ceiling height and top of storage.
• Added annex material to address history and
  intent.

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Chapter 12

• Deleted Section 12.1.6.3
• All Dry Pipe and Preaction Systems protecting
  storage require a 30 remote area increase.

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Chapter 13Storage of Miscellaneous Commodities
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Miscellaneous Storage

• Incidental Storage lt 12ft (3.7m)
• Storage lt 10 of building area or 4000 ft2 (372
  m2) of the sprinklered area, whichever is greater
• Storage shall not exceed 1000 ft2 (93 m2) in one
  pile or area
• Each such pile or area shall be separated from
  other storage areas by at least 25ft (7.6m)

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Commodity Classes Class I

• Noncombustible product that meets one of the
  following criteria
• Placed directly on wooden pallets
• Placed in single-layer corrugated cartons, with
  or without single-thickness cardboard dividers,
  with or without pallets
• Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load
  with or without pallets

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Commodity Classes Class II

• Noncombustible product that is in slatted wooden
  crates, solid wood boxes, multiple-layered
  corrugated cartons, or equivalent combustible
  packaging material, with or without pallets.

Metal-lined double tri-wall corrugated carton on
a wood pallet
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Commodity Classes Class III

• A product fashioned from wood, paper, natural
  fibers, or Group C plastics with or without
  cartons, boxes, or crates and with or without
  pallets.
• Group C plastics
• Fluoroplastics (PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylen
  e PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene)
• Melamine (melamine formaldehyde)
• Phenolic
• PVC (polyvinyl chloride flexible PVCs with
  plasticizer content up to 20 percent)
• PVDC (polyvinylidene chloride)
• PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
• PVF (polyvinyl fluoride)
• Urea (urea formaldehyde)
• A limited amount (5 by weight or volume or less)
  of Group A or Group B plastics.

Paper cups in compartmented cardboard cartons on
wood pallets
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Commodity Classes Class IV

• A product, with or without pallets, that meets
  one of the following criteria
• Constructed partially or totally of Group B
  plastics
• Group B plastics
• Cellulosics (cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate
  butyrate, ethyl cellulose)
• Chloroprene rubber
• Fluoroplastics (ECTFE ethylene-chlorotrifluoro-e
  thylene copolymer ETFE ethylene
  tetrafluoroethylene-copolymer FEPfluorinated
  ethylene-propylene copolymer)
• Nylon (nylon 6, nylon 6/6)
• Silicone rubber
• Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic
  materials
• Contains within itself or its packaging an
  appreciable amount (5 to 15 by weight or 5
  to 25 by volume) of Group A plastics

A mixture of paper and plastic cups (15 plastic
by weight) on wood pallets.
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Commodity Classes Group A

• Plastic materials
• Cartoned vs. Uncartoned (Exposed)
• Expanded vs. Unexpanded

16-oz (450 g) Polystyrene Plastic Jars in
compartmented cardboard cartons
Expanded Polystyrene Trays Exposed
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Encapsulation

• Plastic sheet completely enclosing the sides and
  top of a pallet load containing a combustible
  commodity
• Combustible commodities individually wrapped in
  plastic sheeting and stored exposed in a pallet
  load
• Where there are holes or voids in the plastic on
  the top of the carton that exceed more than half
  of the area of the cover, the term encapsulated
  does not apply

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Chapter 5 Classification of Commodities (Old
Chapter 2)

• For Class I - IV commodities stored on
  non-reinforced polypropylene or non-reinforced
  high-density polyethylene plastic pallets
• The classification of the commodity is increased
  one class (e.g., Class III becomes Class IV
  Class IV becomes Group A plastics)
• For Class I - IV commodities stored on reinforced
  polypropylene or reinforced high-density
  polyethylene plastic pallets
• The classification of the commodity is increased
  two classes (e.g., Class II becomes Class IV
  Class III becomes Group A plastics)
• No increase in the commodity classification is
  required for Group A plastics stored on plastic
  pallets

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Plastic Pallets and Storage

• Use will require you to increase by one (1)
  commodity classification (ieclass III commodity
  increases to class IV)
• Plastic Pallets Very Desirable Method For
  Storage Options
• Easy to Maintain
• Lasts Longer
• Recyclable
• Food Service
• Ability to Sterilize

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Plastic Pallet Types

• Un-reinforced plastic pallets
• Melt fairly easily in a fire and are less of a
  fire challenge
• Material
• Polypropylene
• high-density polyethylene
• Reinforced plastic pallets
• Hold their structure and integrity longer
  allowing air gaps to remain longer within the
  pallet, which fuels the flames and creates a more
  intense fire
• Material
• Polypropylene
• high-density polyethylene

34
Storing Materials on Plastic Pallets

• One class upgrade for un-reinforced plastic
  pallets
• Class II -gt Class III
• Class IV -gt Group A Plastics
• Two class upgrade for reinforced plastic pallets
• Class II -gt Class IV
• Class IV -gt Group A Plastics
• 2007 Assume all plastic Pallets are reinforced
  unless proven otherwise

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Why is Changing the Classification of a Commodity
so important?(8 (2.44 m) Isles, High Temp Std.
Spray Sprinklers)
36
Successful Fire Testing With Plastic Pallets in
Racks K17-231 Sprinklers

• Successful Testing With K17-231 sprinklers will
  Result in Keeping Same Class
• (No Increase)
• Same Design Area and Density
• Pressure Requirements Very Low

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What's the Alternative?

• NFPA 2002 -135.6.2.6 For ceiling-only sprinkler
  protection, the commodity class increase
  requirements of 5.6.2.2 and 5.6.2.3 shall not
  apply where plastic pallets are used and where
  the sprinkler system uses spray sprinklers with a
  K-factor of 16.8.
• NFPA 2007 -135.6.2.6 For ceiling-only sprinkler
  protection, the requirements of 5.6.2.2 and
  5.6.2.3 shall not apply where plastic pallets are
  used and where the sprinkler system uses spray
  sprinklers with a minimum K-factor of 16.8.

TFP K17-231
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Idle Wood Pallets Chapter 12
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Idle Plastic Pallets Storage

• Store Plastic Pallets Outside
• Store Plastic Pallets in Detached Structure
• Store Plastic Pallets Indoors
• Stored in cutoff room
• Must have at least 1 exterior wall
• 3-hour separation required
• 0.6 gpm/sq. ft. over entire room, high expansion
  foam, or ESFR protection
• Max. Storage Height 12
• Columns must be protected
• Stored without cutoff room
• Max. Storage Height 4
• High temperature rated sprinklers
• Each pallet pile of no more than two stacks must
  be separated from other pallet piles by at least
  8 or 25 of stored commodity.

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Idle Plastic Pallets Storage

• Indoor storage of plastic pallets shall be
  permitted to be protected in accordance with the
  following arrangement
• Maximum storage height of 10
• Maximum ceiling height of 30
• Sprinkler density 0.6 gpm/sq. ft. over 2000 sq.
  ft.
• Minimum sprinkler K-factor of 16.8

TFP K17-231
TFP EC-25
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Standard Coverage Upright Pendent 11.2 (160)
14.0 (200) K-factor Class I IV Cartoned
Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A Unexpanded plastics
25 (7.6m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6
gpm/ft2 (24.5 mm/min)
27 (8.2m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6
gpm/ft2 (24.5 mm/min)
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Standard Coverage Upright Pendent 16.8 (240)
K-factor Class I IV Cartoned Uncartoned
(Exposed) Group A Unexpanded plastics
30 (9.1m) Building 25 (7.6m) Storage .8
gpm/ft2 (32.6 mm/min)
25 (7.6m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6
gpm/ft2 (24.5 mm/min)
27 (8.2m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6
gpm/ft2 (24.5 mm/min)
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Control Mode Density/Area Extended Coverage

• Sprinkler Type
• 25.2 (360) K Up
• Max Area of Coverage
• 196ft2 (18.2m2)
• Max Distance Between Sprinklers
• 14ft (4.3m)
• Design
• Calculate all the sprinklers within a given
  geometric area at a specific density

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Extended Coverage Sprinklers for Extra Hazard
Storage Occupancies

• Traditional Sprinklers limited to 100 ft2 EC-25
  can cover up to 196 ft2
• Big Box Industry committed to using this
  sprinkler (Wal-Mart, Best Buy, Target, Office
  Depot, Sams Club Bed, Bath Beyond, Costco
  Home Depot)

20 high storage of Class II commodity in a 30
high building
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Performance Analysis on Temperature Control
15 of Plastic in a 25 Building
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Branch Line Savings
EC-25 2 Branch Lines
Std. Spray 3 Branch Lines
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EC-25 Operating Pressure at Various Spacings
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EC-25 Design Pressure Comparisons
EC-25s typically requires less pressure than
standard spray sprinklers with fewer sprinklers
in the design area far greater spacings
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EC Storage Upright
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Extended Coverage Upright25.2 (360) K-factor
Class I IV Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed)
Group A Unexpanded plastics
30 (9.1m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6
gpm/ft2 (24.5 mm/min)
25 (7.6m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6
gpm/ft2 (24.5 mm/min)
51
Comparative Testing - 15 ft High Rack Storage of
Group A Plastics in a 25 ft High Building
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EC-17

• Application
• EC Density/Area
• Extra Hazard High Pile Storage
• Approvals Pending
• Max. Working Pressure 175 psi
• K-factor 16.8
• Temperature Rating
• 165F - 212F

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Spacing Area of Coverage
Two Branch Lines in a 30 Bay
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Extended Coverage K17 (K17EC) at Various Spacings
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EC-25 Operating Pressure at Various Spacings
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Flow Pressure Comparison
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Effect of High Discharge Pressure

• Of more than 400 control-mode tests for which
  data is available, 5 used discharge pressures
  greater than 75 psi.

58
NFPA 13 K-factor Requirements for Storage
Protection
59
Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA)
sprinklers

• Specific Application Control Mode Sprinkler For
  Storage Use. A type of spray sprinkler listed at
  a minimum operating pressure or density with a
  specific number of operating sprinklers for a
  given protection scheme.
• Large Drop Sprinkler. A type of specific
  application control mode sprinkler that is
  capable of producing characteristic large water
  droplets and that is listed for its capability to
  provide fire control of specific high-challenge
  fire hazards.
• Design
• Calculate a specific of sprinklers at a
  specific pressure

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Control Mode Specific Application Upright 16.8
(240) K-factor Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed)
Group A Unexpanded plastics
30 (9.1m) Building 25 (7.7m) Storage 22 psi
(1.5 bar)
61
Large Drop Sprinklers

• The Ultra K17 to be substituted anywhere FM Loss
  Prevention Data Sheets reference Large Drop
  sprinklers.

62
Protecting Dry Pipe Refrigerated Warehouses
with Control-Mode Specific Application (CMSA)
Sprinklers
63
NFPA 13 Appendix Examples of Commodities

• Examples of Class III Commodities
• Butter
• Whipped spread
• Cheese
• Packaged, cartoned
• Wheels, cartoned
• Fish or Fish Products
• Frozen - Plastic trays, cartoned
• Margarine
• Up to 50 oil (in paper or plastic containers)

• Examples of Class II Commodities
• Baked Goods
• Cookies, cakes, pies Frozen, packaged in cartons
• Fish or Fish Products
• Frozen - Waxed-paper containers, cartoned
• Boxed or barreled
• Frozen Foods
• Waxed-paper containers, cartoned
• Meat, Meat Products
• Frozen, waxed-paper containers
• Frozen, expanded plastic trays
• Poultry Products
• Frozen (on paper or expanded plastic trays)

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FM Testing of Dry Systems Using Large Drop
Sprinkles in the 1990s
60 sec. Delay
30 sec. Delay
65
Class II 60 sec. Delay
66
Class II 30 sec. Delay
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FM 8-9
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The Problem

• December 21, 2004
• FM Approvals suspended Approval of all large drop
  automatic fire sprinklers
• Benchmark Testing

Tyco Large Drop Sprinklers successfully passed
full-scale fire testing at UL and remain UL listed
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Ultra K17 (TY7151) CMSA Sprinkler
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Class IIDouble Row Rack(FM)
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New changes to NFPA 13 (2007) for Rack Storage of
Class I - IV Commodities Over 7.6 m (25 ft)
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FM Approved for the Protection of Class II
Commodities up to 10.5 m (35 ft) high

• Commodity Hazard Class 1 and 2 in closed-top
  non-plastic or noncombustible containers
• Maximum Storage Height 35 ft (10.5 m)
• Maximum Building Height 40 ft (12.2 m)
• Storage Arrangement Solid-Piled, Palletized,
  Shelf, Bin-Box, as well as Open-Framed
  Single-Row, Double-Row and Multiple-Row Racks
• Sprinkler System Type Dry
• Maximum Water Delivery Time 30 seconds upon
  operation of first sprinkler
• System Design 25 AS _at_ 22 psi (1.5 bar) plus 500
  gpm (1,900 l/min) hose allowance
• The 30 second delivery time needs to be confirmed
  via an analysis by Engineering Hazards or by a
  software program that is listed in the
  Specification Tested Product section of the FM
  Global
• Approval Guide. If confirmed by a listed software
  program, the sprinkler operation sequence should
  be based on the simultaneous opening of the most
  remote 4 sprinklers (2 sprinklers on 2 lines).

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Class III Free Burn Sprinkler Activation Time
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Class II Testing UL (Multiple Row)
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Class III Testing
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The key is predicting water transit time
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How can I use this New Technology if its not
Referenced in NFPA 13?

• NFPA 132002 Section 1.5 1.6
• Equivalency.
• Nothing in this standard is intended to prevent
  the use of systems, methods, or devices of
  equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire
  resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety
  over those prescribed by this standard.
• Technical documentation shall be submitted to the
  authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate
  equivalency.
• The system, method, or device shall be approved
  for the intended purpose by the authority having
  jurisdiction.
• New Technology.
• Nothing in this standard shall be intended to
  restrict new technologies or alternate
  arrangements, provided the level of safety
  prescribed by this standard is not lowered.

80
How does the Building Code deal with New
Technology?

• IFC(2003) 104.9 Alternate materials methods
• The provisions of this code are not intended to
  prevent the installation of any material or to
  prohibit any method of construction not
  specifically prescribed by this code, provided
  that any such alternative has been approved.
• The fire code official is authorized to approve
  an alternative material or method of construction
  where the fire code official finds that the
  proposed design is satisfactory and complies with
  the intent of the provisions of this code, and
  that the material, method or work offered is, for
  the purpose intended, at least the equivalent of
  that prescribed in this code in quality,
  strength, effectiveness, fire resistance,
  durability and safety.

81
Why Choose an ESFR?
14 (200) 16.8 (240) K ESFRs 40 (12,2 m)
Build. 35 (10,7 m) Stor. ESFR-1 75 psi (5,17
bar) ESFR-17 52 psi (3,59 bar)
25.2 (360) K ESFRs 45 (13,7 m) Build. 40 (12,2
m) Stor. 40 psi (2,76 bar)
16.8 (240) K Spray Sprinkler 30 (9.1m)
Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .8 gpm/ft2 (32.6
mm/min)
11.2 (160) 14 (200) K Spray Sprinklers 27
(8.2m) Building 20 (6.1m) Storage .6 gpm/ft2
(24.5 mm/min)
82
Suppression Mode Sprinklers

• Sprinkler Type
• 14.0 (200) K Up Pend
• 16.8 (240) K Up Pend
• 22.4 (326) K Pend
• 25.2 (360) K Pend
• Max Area of Coverage
• 100 sq.ft. (9.3 m2)
• Max Distance Between Sprinklers
• 12 (3.7m) 30 (9.1m) Building
• 10 (3.01m) gt30 (9.1m) Building
• Design
• Calculate a specific of sprinklers at a
  specific pressure

83
ESFR Pendent - 14.0 (200) K-factor Class I IV
Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A
Unexpanded plastics
13,7 m (45) Building 12,2 m (40) Storage 6,2
bar (90 psi) 1 Level of in-rack sprinklers
12,2 m (40) Building 10,7 m (35) Storage 5,1
bar (75 psi)
9,75 m (32) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 4,1
bar (60 psi)
30 (9,14m) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 3,4 bar
(50 psi)
84
ESFR (14K) Pendent
85
ESFR Pendent - 14.0 (200) K-factor
Uncartoned (Exposed) expanded Group A plastics FM
Only 9,14 m (30) Building 7,62 m (25)
Storage 6,8 bar (100 psi)
Cartoned expanded Group A plastics 9,75 m (32)
Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 4,1 bar (60 psi)
Uncartoned (Exposed) expanded Group A plastics FM
Only 7,62 m (25) Building 6,1 m (20)
Storage 5,1 bar (75 psi)
Cartoned expanded Group A plastics 9,14 m (30)
Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 3,4 bar (50 psi)
86
ESFR-17 Pendent - 16.8 (240) K-factorClass I
IV Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A
Unexpanded plastics
13,7 m (45) Building 12,2 m (40) Storage 4,3
bar (63 psi) 1 Level of in-rack sprinklers
12,2 m (40) Building 10,7 m (35) Storage 3,6
bar (52 psi)
9,75 m (32) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 2,9
bar (42 psi)
9,14 m (30) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 2,4
bar (35 psi)
87
Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge -
Obstructions at or Near the Ceiling (FM)
88
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89
ESFR Upright - 14.0 (200) K-factorClass I IV
Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A
Unexpanded plastics
10,7 m (35) Building 9,14 m (30) Storage 5,1
bar (75 psi)
9,75 m (32) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 4,1
bar (60 psi)
9,14 m (30) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 3,4
bar (50 psi)
90
ESFR Upright - 16.8 (240) K-factorClass I IV
Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A
Unexpanded plastics
10,7 m (35) Building 9,14 m (30) Storage 3,6
bar (52 psi)
9,75 m (32) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 2,9
bar (42 psi)
9,14 m (30) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 2,4
bar (35 psi)
91
ESFR (K17) Upright
92
ESFR-17 UprightFM Obstruction Criteria

• When FM Research Approved upright suppression
  mode sprinklers are used obstructions below
  sprinklers can be ignored if
• They are open-web bar joists or trusses having
  chords no more than 102 mm (4) wide, or
• They are bridging or wind bracing no more than
  102 mm (4) wide, or

93
ESFR-17 UprightFM Obstruction Criteria

• They are individual pipes conduit 102 mm (4)
  in diameter or less, or
• individual groups of smaller pipe or conduit
  having a total width of 102 mm (4) or less.

94
ESFR Pendent - 22.4 (326) K-factor Class I IV
Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A
Unexpanded plastics
13,7 m (45) Building 12,2 m (40) Storage 2,7
bar (40 psi)
12,2 m (40) Building 10,7 m (35) Storage 2,7
bar (40 psi)
10,7 m (35) Building 9,14 m (30) Storage 2,4
bar (35 psi)
9,14 m (30) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 1,7
bar (25 psi)
95
ESFR Pendent - 25.2 (360) K-factor Class I IV
Cartoned Uncartoned (Exposed) Group A
Unexpanded plastics
New Testing at FM on Cartoned Expanded and
Exposed Expanded
13,7 m (45) Building 12,2 m (40) Storage 2,7
bar (40 psi)
12,2 m (40) Building 10,7 m (35) Storage 1,7
bar (25 psi)
10,7 m (35) Building 9,14 m (30) Storage 1,4
bar (20 psi)
9,14 m (30) Building 7,62 m (25) Storage 1,0
bar (15 psi)
96
ESFR (25K) Pendent
97
Ceiling only protection criteria for Rack Storage
of Cartoned Group A Plastics
98
Retail Fire Research Coalition
99
Self Storage

• Shelf Storage. Storage on structures less than
  30 (76.2 cm) deep with shelves usually 2 (0.6
  m) apart vertically and separated by
  approximately 30 (76.2-cm) aisles.

100
Solid Shelving

• Fixed in place, slatted, wire mesh or other type
  of shelves located within racks.
• The area of a solid shelf is defined by perimeter
  aisle or flue space on all four sides.
• Solid shelves having an area equal to or less
  than 20 sq. ft. are open racks.
• Shelves of wire mesh, slates, or other materials
  more than 50 open, where the flue spaces are
  maintained are open racks.

101
Storage on Solid Shelving

• Where the area of the solid shelving is less than
  20 ft2
• In-rack sprinklers are not required
• Where the area of solid shelving is 20 - 64 ft2
• In-rack sprinklers are not required below every
  shelf
• In-rack sprinklers shall be installed at the
  ceiling below shelves at intermediate levels
  not more than 6 ft apart vertically.
• Where the area of solid shelving is greater than
  64 ft2
• In-rack sprinklers shall be installed at the
  ceiling below each level of shelving.

102
The Home Depot (20.3.1)

• Max. Storage height 22 (6.7 m)
• Max. Ceiling height 30 (9.1 m)
• Design (EC-25 sprinklers only)
• 0.6 gpm/ft2 - 2000 ft2 (24.5mm/min-186m2)
• 0.7 gpm/ft2 (28.5mm/min) for the four most
  demanding sprinklers
• Min. aisle width 8 (2.4 m)
• Storage in aisle permissible where aisle storage
  is 4 (1.2) or less high min. clear aisle of 4
  (1.2) is maintained.
• Slatted shelves using 2x6 slats with spacers
  maintaining a min. 2 (51 mm) opening between
  each slat.
• No slatted shelf levels in the rack above 12
  (3.7 m) level.
• Wire mesh over 50 open permitted for shelf
  levels above 12 (3.7 m).

• Solid shelving 3.58.25 (1.1mx2.5m) allowed
  over slats at 5 (1.5m) level.
• Perforated metal over 40 open allowed over slats
  to 60 (1.5m) level.
• Solid veneered displays allowed when all flues
  are maintained only one display is installed
  per bay. Other solid plywood or similar
  materials shall not be placed on the slatted
  shelves.
• Min. 6 (162mm)long. flue 3 (76mm) tran. flue
  at rack uprights

103
Wal-Mart (20.3.2)

• Max. Storage height 12 (3.7 m) on gondola
  shelving with metal shelves
• Max. Ceiling height 22 (6.7 m)
• Design (EC-25 sprinklers only)
• 0.425 gpm/ft2 / 2000 ft2 (17.3mm/min-186m2)
• 0.5 gpm/ft2 (20.4 mm/min) for the four most
  demanding sprinklers
• Min. aisle width 5 (1.5 m)
• Gondola structure does not exceed 48 (1.2 m)
  aggregate depth, or 78 (2 m) height
• Max. Rack length 70 (21.3 m)

104
Best Buy (20.3.3)

• Max. Storage height 15 (4.6 m) on gondola
  shelving with metal shelves
• Max. Ceiling height 25 (7.6 m)
• Design (EC-25 sprinklers only)
• 0.425 gpm/ft2 / 2000 ft2 (17.3mm/min-186m2)
• 0.5 gpm/ft2 (20.4 mm/min) for the four most
  demanding sprinklers
• Min. aisle width 6 (1.8 m)
• Gondola rack structure shall not exceed 60 (1.5
  m) aggregate depth or 8 (2.4m) height.
• A perforated metal deck at 8 (2.4m) level
  permissible with storage placed on top with or
  without flue spaces to a max. height from floor
  of 15 (4.6 m)
• Max. Rack length 70 (21.3 m)

105
Target Stock Room (20.3.4)

• Max. Storage height 15 (4.6 m)
• Max. Ceiling height 20.5 (6.3 m)
• Design (EC-25 sprinklers only)
• 0.45 gpm/ft2 / 2000 ft2 (18.3mm/min-186m2)
• 0.55 gpm/ft2 (22.4 mm/min) for the four most
  demanding sprinklers
• Min. aisle width 3 (0.9 m)
• Shelving structure shall not exceed 48 (1.2 m)
  aggregate depth or 12 (3.7 m) height.
• Shelving shall be permitted to be made of solid
  particleboard.
• Max. Rack length 70 (21.3 m)

106
Office Depot (20.3.5)

• Max. Storage height 14 (4.3 m)
• Max. Ceiling height 20 (6.1 m)
• Design (EC-25 sprinklers only)
• 0.38 gpm/ft2 / 2000 ft2 (15.5mm/min-186m2)
• 0.45 gpm/ft2 (18.3mm/min ) for the four most
  demanding sprinklers
• Min. aisle width 5 (1.5 m)
• Solid metal shelving permissible up to the 72
  (1.8 m) level wire shelving shall be
  permissible up to the 10 (3.1 m) level.
• The solid metal shelving shall not exceed 66
  (1.7 m) aggregate depth and shall have a min. 6
  (150 mm) longitudinal flue between two 30 (762
  mm) deep shelves.
• Max. Rack length 70 (21.3 m)

107
Bed Bath Beyond (20.3.6)

• Max. Storage height 16.5 (5.0 m)
• Max. Ceiling height 22 (6.7 m)
• Design (EC-25 sprinklers only)
• 0.49 gpm/ft2 / 2000 ft2 (20.0mm/min-186m2)
• 0.55 gpm/ft2 (22.4 mm/min) for the four most
  demanding sprinklers
• Min. aisle width 4 (1.2 m) between shelf units
  and other displays
• Shelving structure shall not exceed 51 (1.3 m)
  aggregate depth or 148 (3.8 m) height.
• The intersection of perpendicular steel racks
  shall be permissible as long as no storage is
  placed within the void space at the junction of
  the racks.
• The top shelf shall be wire mesh.

108
Thank you for your participation

• To our customers We would like your feedback on
  today's session to help improve future
  presentations. Please take a moment to complete
  the survey (included in your information packet)
  and return to the room monitor.
• Risk Engineering staff will receive an electronic
  evaluation in the next few days via e-mail
• Conference presentations are available for
  download at
• www.zurichservices.com

109
Thank You