STATES OF MATTER

1
STATES OF MATTER

• Holt, CH. 3
• Pages 58-79

2
Four States of Matter, p. 60

• The states of matter are the physical forms in
  which a substance can exist.
• 1. Solids
• 2. Liquids
• 3. Gases
• 4. Plasma
• Which of the categories does our picture belong
  to?

3
Moving Particles Make Up All Matter

• Kinetic Theory of Matter states that all matter
  is made up of moving parts.
• What changes an objects state is the rate of
  particle movement.

4
Solids, p. 61

• Solids have definite shape and volume
• There are 2 types of solids
• 1. Amorphous composed of atoms or molecules
  that are in no particular order.
• 2. Crystalline composed of atoms or molecules
  that are in very orderly, three dimensional
  arrangement

5
Liquids, p. 62

• Liquids are able to change shape, but not volume
• Particle movement is just fast enough to overcome
  the solid state
• Used in hydraulics
• Surface Tension force causing liquid to form
  spherical drops
• Viscosity a liquids resistance to
• flow.

6
Gases, p. 63

• The 3rd highest NRG state of matter
• -fast particle speeds able to overcome
  attractions and roam free
• -Pressure is the amount of force exerted on a
  given area.

7
Gas Laws, p. 65

• Boyles Law BP for a fixed amount of gas at a
  constant temperature, the volume of a gas
  increases as its pressure decreases

8
Charless Law CT

• States that for a fixed amount of gas at a
  constant pressure, the volume of the gas
  increases as its temperature increases.

9
Plasmas, p. 67

• The state of matter that does not have a definite
  shape or volume and whose particles have broken
  apart.
• The highest energy level state of matter.

10
Changing State, p. 68

• A change of state is the conversion of a
  substance from one physical form into another.
• There are five changes of state
• 1. melting
• 2. freezing
• 3. vaporization
• 4. condensation
• 5. sublimation

11
Melting

• Solid to a liquid
• Happens at the melting point which is the temp.
  at which the substance changes from a solid to a
  liquid
• Because the melting pt. does not change w/ diff.
  amounts of the substance, it is a CHARACTERISTIC
  PROPERTY
• Melting is ENDOTHERMIC

12
ENDO vs. EXO thermic ????

• Endothermic changes have NRG coming in to a
  substance
• Exothermic changes have NRG exiting a substance

13
Freezing

• The change of state from a liquid to a solid
• Freezing is exothermic b/c NRG is removed.

14
Vaporization, p. 70

• The change of state from a liquid to a gas.
• Boiling is vaporization occuring throughout a
  liquid at the boiling pt. Also a characteristic
  property because???
• Evaporation is vaporization occuring at the
  surface of a liquid below its melting point.
• Pressure affects BP. P. 71
• -understand Denver vs. New Orleans Idea
• Vaporization is _______ othermic

15
Condensation

• The change in state from a gas to a liquid.
• Occurs at same temp. as BP
• Process is exothermic

16
Sublimation

• From a solid directly into a gas
• This is an ______othermic change

17
Be sure to understand the table and graph on
pages 72,73

• Why does the graph
• of the water not
• rise consistently
• if heat is being
• added all of the
• time?