INDIAN WARS

1
INDIAN WARS
2
Europeans vs. Indians

• Once contact was made, there were attempts at
  peaceful coexistence
• Some tribes would engage in trade and were
  helpful to the settlers
• Other tribes were warlike and conflict ensued

3
Religious Differences

• Indians were polytheist
• They believed that all things had a spirit
• They felt that guardian spirits helped people
• They tried to be close to nature, because they
  believed that mankind was part of nature

4

• Europeans were monotheist
• They were Christian in their beliefs
• They had a missionary outlook
• They believed that mankind was given dominion
  over nature

5
Economic Differences

• Believed in communal control of land
• Had no concept of selling land
• They were subsistence farmers
• The men hunted and the women farmed

6

• Europeans believed in private property
• They engaged in commercial farming in addition to
  subsistence
• Arguments over land led to disputes

7
Political Differences

• Indians were organized into tribes and were led
  by a chief and tribal council, largest
  organizations were the empires of Aztec, Inca,
  and Mayan
• Europeans had monarchies with absolute power and
  were organized into nations

8
Technological Differences

• Indians had bow and arrow, spear, and tomahawk
• Europeans had guns, cannon, and armor
• Also possessed an understanding of navigation

9
Indian Tribes

• Northeast- Iroquoian or Algonquian
• Iroquois Federation- Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga,
  Oneida, and Onandaga
• Tuscaroras joined in 1720s
• Southeast- Five Civilized Tribes
• Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole

10
OPECHACANOUGHS WAR

• JAMESTOWN-1622
• KILLED 347 SETTLERS
• INDIANS LATER DEFEATED

11
PEQUOT WAR

• MASSACHUSETTS- 1636
• ENGLISH AND ALLIES (NARRAGANSETT AND MOHEGAN)
• ENGLISH WIN

12
KING PHILIPS WAR

• MASSACHUSETTS- 1675
• MASSASOIT- WAMSUTTA (ALEXANDER) AND METACOM
  (PHILIP)
• ATTACK SWANSEA, MASS.
• TRAPPED IN SOUTH KINGSTON, RI
• 1000 KILLED AND 12 TOWNS

13
FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS

• 1689-1763

14
CAUSES

• ENGLISH- ATLANTIC COAST
• FRENCH- ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, GREAT LAKES, AND
  MISS. RIVER
• LAND
• FUR TRADE
• FISHING GROUNDS
• RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES

15
KING WILLIAMS WAR

• 1689-1697
• WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG
• ENGLISH RAIDS NEAR MONTREAL
• FRENCH ATTACK NY AND NH
• ENGLISH SEIZE PORT ROYAL
• ATTACK QUEBEC
• TREATY OF RYSWICK

16
QUEEN ANNES WAR

• 1702-1713
• WAR OF THE SPANISH SUCCESSION
• FRENCH ATTACK NEW ENGLAND
• ENGLISH ATTACK ACADIA
• BRITISH TAKE ST. AUUGSTINE
• SPANISH ATTACK CHARLESTOWN
• TREATY OF UTRECHT

17
KING GEORGES WAR

• 1744-1748
• WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
• FRENCH TRY TO REGAIN NOVA SCOTIA
• BRITISH TAKE LOUISBOURG
• TREATY OF AIX-LA-CHAPELLE

18
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR

• 1754-1763
• SEVEN YEARS WAR
• FRENCH BUILD CHAIN OF FORTS ALONG ALLEGHENY RIVER
• GEORGE WASHINGTON GOES TO FORCE WITHDRAWAL FROM
  FORT DUQUESNE

19

• VIRGINIANS BUILD FORT NECESSITY
• FRENCH DEFEAT THEM
• WASHINGTON RETURNS

20
ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

• REPRESENTATIVES OF 7 COLONIES AND IROQUOIS MEET
• BENJAMIN FRANKLIN PROPOSES ALLIANCE
• REJECTED BY ASSEMBLIES AND INDIANS
• FIRST MENTION OF UNION

21
FRENCH SUCCESS

• BRITISH GENERAL EDWARD BULLDOG BRADDOCK
• DEFEAT AT DUQUESNE
• ALGONQUIAN ALLIES WITH FRANCE
• MARQUIS DE MONTCALM TAKES OVER
• FORT OSWEGO AND WILLIAM HENRY

22
BRITISH VICTORIES

• 1756- WILLIAM PITT BECOMES PRIME MINISTER
• TAKE LOUISBOURG AND FORT DUQUESNE
• IROQUOIS DROP NEUTRALITY
• TAKE CROWN POINT, FORT NIAGARA, AND FORT
  TICONDEROGA

23
FINAL BATTLES

• 1759
• GEN. JAMES WOLFE- QUEBEC
• PLAINS OF ABRAHAM
• 1760
• GEN. JEFFREY AMHERST-MONTREAL

24
TREATY OF PARIS- 1763

• BRITISH RECEIVE ALL OF FRENCH LAND IN CANADA AND
  EAST OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER
• BRITISH RECEIVE FLORIDA FROM SPAIN
• SPAIN HAS NEW ORLEANS AND LAND WEST OF
  MISSISSIPPI RIVER
• FRANCE HAS 4 SMALL ISLANDS